Research Essay Writing
Romero 1
Romero 7
Yvette Romero
Professor Arumugam
ENG 1302-51008
10/19/18
Bibliography
Botei, Mircea. "Misinformation with Fake News." Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Series VII: Social Sciences. Law, vol. 10, no. 2, 2017, pp. 133-40. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. The presidential election of 2016 is the real reason why "fake news" became a thing. Manipulating people with false information is not new. Donald Trump raised awareness with his coined term, and it is labeled a threat to democracy. Tech giants contribute to this widespread phenomenon. Responsibility online should be considered, and the protection of people should be too.
Burkhardt, Joanna M. "Chapter 4: Can We save Ourselves?" Library Technology Reports., vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 22-28. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article presents ways to avoid the spread of fake news. Topics are about checking who you accept as friends online, reading news articles before sending them out to even checking the source. Skepticism and media literacy tools are emphasized.
"Chapter 1: History of Fake News." Library Technology Reports, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 5-9. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article wants to focus on the history of fake news dating back to the printing press with the spread of competency in literacy, all the way to hoax websites when the invention of the internet came along, and the psychological appeal fake propaganda has on the masses.
"Chapter 2: How Fake News Spreads." Library Technology Reports, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 10-13. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article centers on the history of how fake news spreads and its various forms. Including the writing of social groups, the internet being utilized to democratize information, and social media on how bots spread news no matter what type of content it is.
Dawes, Nic. "How the Press Should Cover TRUMP." The Nation, vol. 304, no. 9, pp. 22-26. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article communicates the threat U.S Journalism has in the Trump Administration. The subject of press secretary Sean Spicer, crying over CNN News coverage by Jared Kushner and the crucial need to protect freedom of the press with a new game plan.
Galvin, Gaby. "The Globalization of 'Fake News.'" The Report, 27 Dec. 2017, p. 11. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article gives a quick rundown on how fake news on social media such as twitter and Facebook two dominated media outlets that affect real journalism.
Jones, RonNell Andersen, and Sonja R. West. "The Fragility of the Free American Press." Northwestern University Law Review, vol. 112, no. 3, 2017, pp. 567-95. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article discusses the attacks to the press Donald Trump has created. They believe that this type of treatment can set a precedent for significant press-protections to collapse. His strange conversation regarding the media should be acknowledged critically along with the complex system of beliefs the press upholds.
Jones, RonNell Anderson, and Lisa Grow Sun. "Enemy Construction and the Press." Arizona State Law Journal, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1301-68. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article points out the chaotic criticism that President Donald Trump has been receiving. Donald Trump has labeled the media as "the enemy." As a result, the press and first amendment defenders have responded in anger. Trump critics fail to understand his statement; therefore, this article tries to explain "enemy construction" by offering an inside view to the social, legal, technological, and political reality that the press creates to wage war against the other.
Kaye, Barbara K., and Thomas J. Johnson. "Across the Great Divide: How Partisanship and Perceptions of Media Bias Influence Changes in Time Spent with Media." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article cornerstones the 2012 election. Barack Obama and Mick Romney were both running to get the presidency. One thing that this focuses on is how biased both candidates' supporters were. Obama supporters watched liberal media, while Romney supports tuned into the conservative press. Both candidates took more time to be with their party's favorable press. This could be an example of how on all presidencies there is partisan divide with the media.
Lee, Tien-Tsung. "The Liberal Media Myth Revisited: An Examination of Factors Influencing Perceptions of Media Bias." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 43-64. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article claims that the media is hardcore liberal therefore have more nepotism towards them. To know why the media is biased they did a study. According to them the general audience ideologies and partisanships affect how the media is viewed. For example, republican distrust the media, political cynicism is a big contributor.
Marshall, Jonathan Paul. "Disinformation Society, Communication and Cosmopolitan Democracy." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, 2017, pp. 1-24. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article states that fake news is a disease to our society, not only to internet users. Our daily life involves communicating, categorizing social groups, formulating, and "patterns of power." Stuff like fake news disrupt, and ruin accuracy along with effectiveness. If a "cosmopolitan society" must have good interactions, this article dives into the obstacles of communication, other sequences that assist lousy communication must be handled before they are confronted.
Massing, Michael. "Journalism in the Age of Trump." The Nation, vol. 307, no. 4, 13 Aug. 2018, pp. 12-18. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article specifically focuses on how the Trump Administration challenges journalism in the United States. Things that are in conversation involve his attacks to the press, the dissemination of falsehoods, Trump's damage to body politics, and the primary concern of fake news skyrocketing.
Monzon-Palma, Tina. "Do Journalists Still Matter?" Vital Speeches of the Day, vol. 83, no. 10, Oct. 2017, pp. 293-95. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article showcases the importance of not only of journalism but journalists, the trend of fake news, and how vital it is to keep journalists around to stay truthful to their stories.
Murphy, James. "Unnoteworthy NEWS: Fake News, Once Dubbed 'Yellow Journalism,' Is as Old as News Itself, but Nowadays, with the Slant Given by Major Media to Most Reporting, Major Media Have Themselves to Blame." New American, vol. 34, no. 9, 19 Feb. 2018, pp. 21-23. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article concentrates on the history and impact of fake news, and the role media must play. People that use propaganda use it to defame their enemies. Hoax news outlets spread lies to rack up views and money. Fake news blossoms because citizens do not trust mainstream media.
"A Press under Siege." The Nation, vol. 307, no. 5, p. 3. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. Editorial. This article majority of the time focuses on the relationship Donald Trump has with the media. An overview of the rhetoric used in his tweets have been listed.
Steinmetz, Katy. "The Real Fake News Crisis." Time, vol. 192, no. 7, 20 Aug. 2018, pp. 26-31. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article examines the psychological effects of how the authenticity of news is found. It shows studies of how people get wired in to believe anything on the internet because of how simple it is told which cause emotional and illogical thinking; hence people will believe biased information, and not understand how search engines work.
Varadkar, Leo. "Free Speech and the Necessity of Discomfort." Vital Speeches of the Day, vol. 84, no. 4, Apr. 2018, pp. 117-21. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article does not focus on fake news. Most importantly it will shine a light on things that are being spoken about now that are serious pressing matters. Freedom of speech is something that thankfully we have in America. Gay rights, #Metoo movement, women's suffrage are uncomfortable topics to many nevertheless they should be addressed in the media because we have that privilege. A journalist job is to report on them.
Yeste, Elena, and Pere Franch. "Trump Vs. Los Medios. Tratamiento De La Prensa Desde La Cuenta De Twitter Del Presidente De EU." ["Trump vs. media. Treatment of the press from the US president's Twitter account."]. El Profesional De La Información, vol. 27, no. 5, 5 Aug. 2018, pp. 975-83. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article documented the behavior of Donald Trump during his six months in office. They analyze his twitter account in which he goes by the name of @realdonaldtrump. His tone, mentioning in media, and any related keywords are thoroughly inspected. Trump is hostile to the media that criticize him and is respectful with those who aren't and instead praise him.
Zaharoff, Zachary N. "Defaming the Prince: Why the Media Is Entitled to Immunity from a Presidential Defamation Suit." Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 48-41. Academic Search Complete. Accessed 12 Oct. 2018. This article talks about how the press should not have defamation suits bolted at them. Mainly when a president is aiming them since they have the immense power, it could be dangerous. Lawsuits like so go against the first amendment. In times where, fake news is way out of hand, and where the president is known to be litigious there should be a conversation and suggest if a president should be allowed to bring a case to light regarding defamation.
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