Research Paper
Running Head: THE TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE 1
THE TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE 7
The Ending of The Transatlantic Slave Trade
Inez Hammon
February 17, 2019
Craton, M. (1993). Economic Growth and the Ending of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Civil War History, 39(2), 174-175.
The critical focus as seen in this journal revolves around the end of the Transatlantic Slave Trade and economic growth which was seen before the abolition of the slave trade occurred. The author provided relevant information on Great Britain's role when it came to the end of slavery. As provided in the article, the role Britain played towards the end of slavery was quite significant since it involved the social movement campaigns which were held in the country for close to twenty years and which contributed to the end of Transatlantic Slave Trade. However, the abolition of slavery had both negative and positive effects on the British economy.
The journal further provides information on the long-term impacts which was experienced in not only Africa but America as well. This information stems from the knowledge that a good number of enslaved Africans were taken to the colonies to work on cotton and sugar plantations. One of the reasons which further led Britain to focus on the end slavery and slave trade is the Haitian revolution which created fear that other revolutions would be experienced since the revolution had been successful. The information provided in the journal is quite crucial and can be applied in my research since it offers the main reasons that led to the end of the slave trade. Furthermore, it also provides information on the role played by Britain when it came to the end of the slave trade and the economic effects which were experienced in Africa and Britain.
Eltis, D. (2007). A brief overview of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. Voyages: The trans-Atlantic slave trade database. Retrieved June, 16, 2015.
The information presented in the article revolves around the end of the slave trade. The author manages to provide information that the end of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was rather sudden. Further information provided at the beginning of the article focuses on the arrest of the slave ships which were carried out by the Brazilian authorities back in 1860. The author further provides information on two key areas which were involved in the slave trade, that is, Congo River and Bight of Benin. As provided in the journal, over 12 million of the enslaved Africans had been shipped from Africa to other regions. Ten million of the enslaved Africans had been shipped to America and the Islands close to the region. The author points out that no attempts had been made at the beginning to suppress the slave trade even though a high mortality rate had been experienced among the enslaved Africans.
The Europeans thrived because of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. The information provided in the journal is quite relevant since the particulars revolve around the abolition of the slave trade and also focuses on what occurred during the slave trade. The author manages to provide information on the mortality rates which were experienced. Furthermore, he also provides reasons as to why no attempt had been made to end the slave trade since the economic imperatives led European countries to engage in the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
Klein, H. S. (2010). The Atlantic Slave Trade. Cambridge University Press.
The information provided in the journal focuses on the slave trade as organized by the European countries. The author offers information on how the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade contributed to the growth of the economic enterprises which were experienced during the period. Further information provided focuses on the transoceanic migration which added to African Diaspora. The author also includes information on the development of the slave trade as seen in Europe. He focused on the ships which were used to not only purchase the enslaved Africans but to also ship the enslaved Africans to different regions, such as the American colonies. A fixed fee had been established by the Crown to make sure that the countries involved in the slave trade would pay taxes following the delivery of an enslaved African.
The growth of cotton and sugarcane led to an increase in demand for slaves. At the time, the profits which were being experienced by the countries involved were quite massive. Merchants joined to participate in the slave trade. The gains garnered further hindered any attempts which would have been made to end the slave trade. The information provided is highly relevant since it offers the main reason as to why the Transatlantic Slave Trade began as well as the financial reasons which prevented the attempts to end slave trade no matter how inhumane it was.
Klein, H. S. (1978). The middle passage: comparative studies in the Atlantic slave trade (Vol. 4). Princeton University Press.
The information presented in the book focuses on various concepts which are related to the Transatlantic Slave Trade. The information which will be highly relevant in my research will focus on the evidence which was provided by Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton. Sir Thomas Buxton was well known as an abolitionist as well as one of the members of the British parliament. The information provided by the author focuses on one of his works which revolved around the African Slave Trade which had been published back in 1839. The publication contained various pieces of evidence which were gained from eyewitnesses. Furthermore, the information in the report helped put pressure on the government to end the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
As provided in the book, the evidence featured the miseries which were encountered in the middle passage. The sufferings contributed to the high mortality rates which were often experienced. The enslaved Africans were not allowed to be on the deck but underneath it. The passage between Africa to the American colonies were described as a deadly passage which would contribute to the miseries encountered by the enslaved Africans. Disobedience was repaid with punishment which would include a lashing. The significance of the information is that it provides eyewitnesses' accounts which were used to pressure the British government to end the slave trade.
Law, R. (2000). The Transatlantic Slave Trade. The Journal of African History, 41(3), 495-497. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/183483
The journal provides relevant information which revolves around the Transatlantic Slave Trade. As established at the beginning of the journal, the author seeks to review a previous work written by Herbert S. Klein on the same topic. The author further states that Klein managed to conduct extensive research on the subject further leading to the end of the slave trade which can be found in the last chapter of this books.
More information provided in the middle of the journal focuses on the slave trade itself as it had been experienced during the time. The relevance of the information contained in the journal is that it provides the reason which led to the end of Transatlantic Slave Trade. The author manages to review the information which focuses on what led to the abolition of the slave trade starting with the revolution which occurred in Saint-Domingue. This information is quite crucial since the termination of Transatlantic Slave Trade began following the Haitian Revolution which had not only been successful but also inspired fear that more revolutions would be encountered if slavery and the slave trade were not abolished. Further information presented in the journal revolves around the after effects that had been brought about by the Transatlantic Slave Trade as well as slavery. In the article, the author mentions that the methodology which was used during the study was quantitative methodology.
Santin, M. (2014). From Moral Condemnation to Economic Strategies: Reframing the End of the British Transatlantic Slave Trade (Doctoral dissertation).
The dissertation provides essential information on the reasons which prompted Great Britain to abolish the Transatlantic Slave Trade as seen in 1907. As presented in the thesis, a social movement campaign had been held for close to twenty years. However, in those twenty years, the country had failed to end the slave trade. The author uses the two methodologies in her research and the approach employed to review the abolition of the slave trade as carried out by Great Britain is the empirical approach.
According to the thesis, various parliamentary debates had been held with the hopes that the slave trade would be abolished. The discussions were suggested by some of the abolitionist MPs who participated in the ideological movement campaigns with the hopes of ending the slave trade. During the campaign, the economic status was quite high. Resource mobilization was quite crucial in the fight to end the slave trade. The findings as presented in the dissertation focus on the political, economical and cultural factors which contributed to the abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. The author explains the end of Transatlantic Slave trade through the use of dependent and independent variables, the agenda-setting model and the policy change model. The relevance of this information is that it provides vital information on what led to the abolition of the slave trade since Great Britain was the country at the center of the termination of the slave trade.
Washington, C. J. (2006). Women and Resistance in the African Diaspora, with special focus on the Caribbean, Africa, and USA. PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal, 2(1), 31.
The information provided in the article is quite essential and can be used during my research. The author focuses on a good number of aspects such as African Diaspora which was as a result of the Transatlantic Slave Trade, resistance which was encountered during slavery and slave trade and the women's place during the period. The author at the beginning of the journal focuses on black women who had been heavily involved as seen in American history. The involvement of women was also evident during the period where the slave trade and slavery existed. The end of the slave trade, as provided in the journal, was also as a result of black females who were not only abolitionists but were also resistance leaders at the time. In the article, the author provides information on enslavement which was experienced and the slavery conditions.
The enslaved Africans were supposed to be submissive and were not supposed to disobey their oppressors. However, the enslaved Africans were not docile which further led to the rise of the resistance movements. Attacks were experienced on the slave ships during the journey and were experienced on land. This led to the development of fear that pushed for the abolition of the slave trade. The information is highly relevant since it provides vital information on the enslaved Africans contribution to the end of slavery.