BB #3 Assessments Replies
Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)
About & Administration
A brief, criteria referenced assessment, that is used to measure the severity of depression (Sheperis et al., 2020).
Age Range:
13 through 80 years
Authors: Aaron T. Beck, Robert A. Steer, & Gregory K. Brown
Date of Publication: 1996
21-item self-report inventory
5-10 minutes to complete
B-Level Qualification to administer test
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) is a widely used assessment for measuring the severity of depression in ages 13 and older (Sheperis et al., 2020). The creators are Aaron T. Beck, Robert A. Steer, and Gregory K. Brown. The assessment is considered to have high reliability as well as high scores of validity (Sheperis et al., 2020). In order to administer the BDI-II, you must have a B-Level qualification. This means that one must possess a master’s degree in counseling or a related field or be a licensed professional or certified in their specific state (Sheperis, et al., 2020). It takes respondents about 5-10 minutes to complete the self-report inventory (Sheperis, et al., 2020).
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Content of Items
Sadness
Pessimism
Past Failure
Loss of Pleasure
Guilty Feelings
Punishment Feelings
Self-Dislike
Self-Criticalness
Suicidal Thoughts or Wishes
Crying
Agitation
Loss of Interest
Indecisiveness
Worthlessness
Loss of Energy
Changes in Sleep Pattern
Irritability
Changes in Appetite
Concentration Difficulty
Tiredness or Fatigue
Loss of Interest in Sex
Sheperis, Drummond, & Jones, 2020).
The content of items is based on the diagnostic criteria for depression found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5, APA, 2013) (Shepris, Drummond, & Jones, 2020.)
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Scoring & Interpretation
Total Raw Scores Range: 0 to 63
Minimal Depression: 0 to 13
Mild Depression: 14 to 19
Moderate Depression: 20 to 28
Severe Depression 29 to 63
(Sheperis et al., 2020)
For each item in the inventory, respondents are asked to choose among a group of statements that are rated on a 4-point scale (Sheperis et al., 2020). The responses are based on how the respondents have been feeling for the past two weeks (Sheperis at al., 2020). To score the inventory, it requires the counselors to take a sum of their raw scores and compare them to classifications of minimal to severe depression (Sheperis et al., 2020). This process of scoring allows for a quick and efficient way to assess the severity of depression (Sheperis et al., 2020).
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Reliability & Validity
Reliability
Internal Consistency Cronbach’s alpha of .92
Test-Retest Reliability (r=.93).
(Sheperis et al., 2020).
Validity
Content Validity: designed to reflect the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5.
Convergent Validity:
Beck Hopelessness Scale (r=.68)
Revised Hamilton Psychiatric Scale for Depression (r=.71)
Symptom Checklish-90-R Depression Subscale (r=.89)
Discriminant Validity
Correlation coefficient between Revised Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale is .47.
The test-retest reliability was assessed by administering the test to a subsample size of 26 outpatients, one week after the first administration (Sheperis et al., 2020). According to Liberty University (2020), in What Makes a Good Test, the Cronbach’s alpha score of .92 and the test-retest reliability of .93 are considered to be excellent in terms of reliability. As for the validity of the BDI-II, the scores referring to the convergent score, .68, .71, and .89, are considered to be very high (Sheperis et al., 2020).
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Norm Population
Clinical sample of 500 individuals who were seeking outpatient therapy.
317 Women (63%) & 183 Men (37%).
Average age 37.2 years
Four racial/ethnic groups: White (91%), African American (4%), Asian American (4%), and Hispanic (1%).
Nonclinical Sample of 120 Canadian college students was used as the comparative group.
The norm population was made up of 500 individuals, that ranged in ages 13 to 86 years. The comparative “normal” group was made up of “predominately White” males, 53, and females, 67 (Sheperis et al., 2020).
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References
Liberty University. (2020). What Makes a Good Test.. Liberty University.
Sheperis, C. J., Drummond, R. J., & Jones, K. D. (2020). Assessment procedures for counselors and helping professionals. (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, Inc.
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