Individual & dual movement 4
PES 115
Individual and Dual Movement Forms I
Introduction to Badminton
Men's Singles Badminton Final | Rio 2016 Replays
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ceJuAyf6Gng
The Badminton World Federation (BWF)
The Badminton World Federation (BWF) is recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) as the world governing body for badminton.
The International Badminton Federation (IBF), as it was originally called, was established in London, on 5 July 1934 with nine founding member associations.
The BWF is a federation of 196 members.
Gender Equality
The Gender Equity Commission supports participation of women and men in badminton at all levels of the sport – on and off the
‘field of play’.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H_DS5p8QZw
History of badminton
ORIGIN OF BADMINTON
• The game was invented in India in a version called poona.
• British army officers learned the game about 1870.
• In 1873 the duke of Beaufort introduced the sport at his country estate, Badminton, from which the game derives its name.
• The first unofficial all-England badminton championships for men were held in 1899, and the first badminton tournament for women was arranged the next year.
• The Badminton World Federation (BWF; originally the International Badminton Federation), the world governing body of the sport, was formed in 1934.
ORIGIN OF BADMINTON
• Badminton is very popular in Malaysia, Indonesia,
Japan and Denmark.
• The BWF’s first world championships were held in 1977
• Badminton first appeared in the Olympic Games as a demonstration sport in 1972 and as an exhibition sport in 1988.
• At the 1992 Games it became a full-medal Olympic sport, with competition for men’s and women’s singles (one against one) and doubles (two against two).
DEFINITIONS
• Player: Any person playing Badminton.
• Match: The basic contest in Badminton between opposing sides each of one or two players.
• Singles: A match where there is one player on each of the opposing sides.
• Doubles: A match where there are two players on each of the opposing sides.
• Serving side: The side having the right to serve.
• Receiving side: The side opposing the serving side.
• Rally: A sequence of one or more strokes starting with the service, until the shuttle ceases to be in play.
• Stroke: A movement of the player’s racket with an intention to hit the shuttle
Equipment
THE SHUTTLE AND THE RACKET
THE COURT – singles only
Serving in doubles examples
0-0 1-0
Singles rules
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=5&v=ynqtzvw3O5s& feature=emb_title
The Net
The top of the net from the surface of the court shall be 1.524 meters at the center of the court and 1.55 meters over the sidelines.
The Toss
In an official tournament, the umpire will toss a coin as it is done in most sports.
Whoever has chosen the winning side can choose:
• either to serve or receive.
• The other side will then exercise the remaining choice.
Scoring
• All singles and doubles matches are the best-of-three games. The first side to 21 points wins a game.
• A point is scored on every serve and awarded to whichever side wins the rally. The winning side gets the next serve.
• If the score is 20-20, a side must win by two clear points to win the game. If it reaches 29-29, the first to get their 30th point wins.
CHANGE OF ENDS
Change of ends simply means that the teams or individuals need to change sides of the court as it is customary in most sports. This is to ensure that, if there is a little advantage in one of the sides, that advantage is lost by both sides being able to play there.
• The change of ends occurs always at the end of the first game.
• At the end of the second game.
• If the match goes to a third game, a change of end will also occur. While playing the third game and in order to keep equality, a change of ends will also occur in the middle of the third game, when the first of both sides reaches point number 11.
• If the ends are not changed in any of these moments and the error is later discovered while still in play, the players should change ends the first time that the shuttle is not in play after having discovered the mistake.
RACKET GRIPS
Forehand & Backhand grips
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1Co-S4-wRs
SERVING
• Serving is how you start the rally.
• Service is probably the most difficult part of these rules.
Serving diagonally
• The most basic point for both types of matches is that you always serve diagonally as happens in other racket sports like tennis. So, if you are serving from the right side of the court, you will serve to the right side of the court of your opponent, thus diagonally.
You cannot stop a service movement once it has started
• If you start with your backward movement in order to serve, any delay at the start of the service can be considered an undue delay. If that was the case, the umpire or service judge can call a fault and you can lose the rally.
Forehand serve
(short and long serve). With the forehand serve you may receive the shuttle flattened or downwards, thus limiting your short play.
Backhand serve With the backhand serve you have more probability of receiving the shuttle tossed up, hence more chances for variety of shots
Forehand serve - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQuVFhnYHtI
Backhand serve - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcmpvlBfrYA
Which side to serve from?
• You have two service courts: one on the right, and one on the left.
• When the server’s score is an even number( 0,2,4,6…20) he serves from the right service court.
• When his score is an odd number (1,3,5,7…19), he serves from the left service court
Where does the receiver stand?
• The receiver’s position is determined NOT by his own score, but by the server’s score.
• The receiver always stands in the service box diagonally opposite from the server.
HOW TO WIN A RALLY
• A rally is when you and your opponent hit the shuttlecock back and forth across the net until someone misses and it lands on the ground.
• A point is won if the shuttle hits the ground in the opponent’s half of the court, including the lines.
• A point can therefore be conceded if a shot goes outside the court boundaries, if the shuttle hits the net and remain on that side, or passes through/under it, or if a player strikes the shuttle twice with their racket.
• Players must wait for the shuttle to cross the net before playing a shot, and while you can follow through over it, touching the net with your body or racket results in a point for the opponent.
Remember to always say the score when you are about to serve
• It’s a good habit to say the score to your opponent before starting each rally. It’s surprisingly easy to lose track of the score. Saying it between rallies helps prevent disputes.
• When you’re saying the score, always say the server’s score first. So if you are serving and have 10 points, and your opponent’s 15 points, then the score is 10– 15 (not 15–10).
Service courts are used for 3 things: 1. The server must stand inside a service
court. 2. The receiver must stand inside the
diagonally opposite service court. 3. The serve must travel into the diagonally
opposite service court
DOUBLES In Badminton Doubles, there are two players on each team.
Scoring in doubles
• At the start of the game, when the score is 0–0, the serving pair choose who serves for the first rally, and the receiving pair choose who receives.
• The even/odd rule still holds. So if the server’s score is odd, he will serve from the left court (if even, from the right).
• Whenever the serving side wins a rally, the same person serves again (but from the other service court).
• The serve does not alternate between the partners: it stays with one person, until the opponents win a rally and get the serve.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDAaojBqRl8&feature=emb_title
When you serve and win the rally
• When the serving side wins a rally, the server and his partner swap service courts (following the scoring rules odd-even)
• The receivers do not change their service courts. The only way to change service courts is to win a point when your side is serving.
When the receivers win a rally
• When the receiving side wins a rally, the serve passes to them. Their service courts do not change from the previous rally.
• If their new score is odd, then whomever has the left service court will serve; if the score is even, then whoever has the right service court will serve.
Movement
• When your partner has one service court, you have the other one.
• When you are ready to receive or serve, your partner can stay anywhere inside his box, but he cannot serve or receive when it is your turn to do so.
• It doesn’t matter where you go during the rally.
• Just like in singles, after the serve, you and your partner can move anywhere inside your playing court but, the service courts don’t change. At the end of the rally, you have to remember what your service courts were:
Who was serving?
Who was receiving?
From which side?
The same server keeps serving until you lose the rally.
FAULTS
SERVICE FAULTS
Breaking any of the following rules is a fault:
• Once the players are ready for the service, the first forward movement of the server’s racket head shall be the start of the service.
• Once started, the service is delivered when the shuttle is hit by the server’s racket or, in attempting to serve, the server misses the shuttle.
• Neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once the server and the receiver are ready for the service.
• The server and receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service courts, without touching the boundary lines of these service courts.
• Both feet of the server and the receiver have to be in contact with the court and stay within the margins while serving
• Serve from waist level or below.
• A serve that hits the line is in.
• If you miss the shuttle on serving, you lose the rally. You never get a second serve.
• The server’s racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle
• The racket head and the shaft have to be pointing down while serving
• All the shuttle must be below waist height when hitting the shuttle
FAULTS DURING THE RALLY
-Hitting the shuttle to the wrong place:
a) Lands outside the boundaries of the court
b) Passes through or under the net
c) Fails to pass over the net
-When the shuttle touches something before reaching the floor It shall be a fault. If in play, the shuttle:
a) touches the ceiling or side walls
b) touches the person or dress of a player
c) touches any other object or person outside the court
-Double hits
It shall be a fault if in play, the shuttle:
a) is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a stroke
b) is hit twice in succession by the same player. However, a shuttle hitting the head and the stringed area of the racket in one stroke shall not be a fault
c) is hit by a player and the player’s partner successively
-Hitting the net or invading the opponent’s court
It shall be a fault if in play, a player:
a) touches the net or its support with racket, person or dress
b) invades an opponent’s court over the net with racket or person except that the striker may follow the shuttle over the net with the racket in the course of a stroke after the initial point of contact with the shuttle is on the striker’s side of the net
c) invades an opponent’s court under the net with racket or person such that an opponent is obstructed or distracted
LETS Lets are much less common than faults.
When a let occurs, the rally stops and is replayed, without changing the score or serving positions
Here are the most common causes of a let in badminton:
• No one is sure whether the shuttle landed in or out.
• During the rally, a shuttle from another court was hit onto your court.
• The receiver wasn’t ready for the serve and asks for it to be played again.
Call let as soon as you decide a let should be played. Don’t wait: you cannot legitimately ask for a let after the rally is over!
TYPES OF STROKES IN BADMINTON
1. Defensive Badminton Clear/Lob
• This is the most basic badminton shot. Every beginner should first master this.
• The defensive badminton clear is performed to get you out of trouble. In many instances, you’ll be under tremendous pressure by your opponent. This happens when your opponent plays at a faster pace and is firing continuous attacks on you.
• The defensive clear slows down the pace of the game because it keeps the shuttle in the air for quite a while.
UNDERARM CLEAR
OVERHEAD CLEAR
Forehand overhead clear
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2brZPqx288&t=2s
Underhand Backhand Clear
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-n19e7Juab4
Underhand Forehand Clear
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=in24YZmG9ys
2. Badminton Drop Shot
• The badminton drop shot is semi-offensive. It’s performed from the back of the court and is usually used to maintain the pace of the game.
• Your opponent has to rush forward to retrieve it.
• Hit the drop shot ONLY when you’re comfortable with the pace of the game.
• If you can’t keep up with your opponent’s pace, clear (or lob) the shuttle instead.
DROP SHOT
Forehand Overhead Drop Shot
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31O_WuhVbKw
3. Badminton Smash
• The smash is often known as the ‘winning shot’ in badminton. It’s used with the intention to end a rally.
• However, when you decide to smash, you’re taking a risk. Smashing causes you to lose a certain degree of balance.
• In order to minimise your risks and ensure your smash works towards your advantage, you should:
• Get behind the shuttle as early as possible so that you are able to hit the shuttle when it is still high up. This allows you to smash the shuttle at a steep angle.
• Maintain extremely good body balance before you smash.
• Make sure that your opponent is off-guard. This means that your opponent is not ready to retrieve the smash.
SMASH
JUMP SMASH
Forehand Smash
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HS3x2lX0Uao
4. Badminton Net Shot (Tumbling/Spinning Net Shot)
• Badminton shots along the net (known as “net shots”) are used to create opportunities and dominate the front of the court.
• It is a very important skill to help you win badminton rallies. A good net shot can force your opponent to perform a high lift/clear, so that you can play a winning smash.
• This shot is used when the oponent is on the back of the court, to aim the empty space next to the net
NET SHOT
Forehand Net Shot
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBabq8lgqQc
5. Badminton Net Kill
• The net kill is a useful skill to end a rally when if your opponent executes a poor quality net shot (net shot that is too high).
• When your opponent plays a net shot that is too high, strike with a net kill!
NET KILL
Forehand Net Kill
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYfTUBv82Xg
Backhand Net Kill
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaDgZtrbkc4
6. Defensive Badminton Net Lift
• If your opponent is playing extremely well along the net, do not hesitate to perform the high lift. This can prevent your opponent from striking with a net kill.
• The net lift sends the shuttle high up to your opponent’s baseline. It is similar to the underarm defensive clear but the net lift is usually performed very closely to the net.
NET LIFT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SNDvcVBMZQ
7. Badminton Drive
• Drives are fast and furious badminton shots exchanged horizontally across the net. One of the main reasons to hit the drive is to increase the pace of the game.
• Use this only when you’re comfortable with the pace of the rally.
• A drive is usually used to aim the chest of the opponent and get a point (fault from the opponent=point and serve for me)
• If for some reasons you are not performing well or making many unforced errors, DO NOT play drives with your opponent.
DRIVE SHOT
Forehand Drive
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoRIxfSVQpk
China v China - Badminton Mixed Doubles Final | London 2012 Olympics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2ywdoiBV0Q
Para Badminton – Paralympic games
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLUxhpg16A4
Most Important Factors for Success in Order of Importance (data from 2018)
1.Balance & Coordination, Reaction Time, Skill and Technique
2.Strength & Power, Speed / Quickness, Agility, Analytic & Tactical Ability
3.Flexibility, Motivation & Self Confidence, Coping with Pressure Situations
4.Aerobic Endurance
5.Body Size and Composition
https://www.topendsports.com/sport/badminton/fitness-components.htm
Training should be sport specific, addressing the specific needs of a badminton player.
On court training, such as playing games and badminton drills, will provide some fitness benefits, but it needs to be supplemented with extra off-court training, such as resistance exercises in the gym and other cross training activities.
Here is some more information about training for specific physical attributes that are important for badminton.
• Speed — movements around the badminton court are of very short distance, so movement speed training should focus of reaction time, acceleration and agility (change of direction). There are drills to increase foot speed, such as quick feet ladder drills. Training should also focus on strength and power development.
• Strength — resistance training exercises should focus on those areas which are actively involved in playing badminton, such as the wrist, elbows, shoulders, neck, chest, abdomen, back, thighs, knees and ankles.
• Flexibility — The badminton player uses their flexibility to reach, dive and turn to cover all parts of the court. Flexibility is something that can be improved with regular stretching. The badminton player should stretch before each activity (training and competition), plus other stretches, such as pnf and active stretches, to increase the flexibility of specific muscle groups.
• Endurance — Endurance is a very important component of fitness for badminton. Badminton players cover a lot of ground during a match with little rest. Not only is aerobic fitness important for court play, but you need to be fit for long technical training sessions and to recover well between games during extended tournament play.
As with any training program, it is important to monitor improvement so that the program can be modified accordingly. You can do this with regular fitness testing.
Example Testing Protocol
• The National Junior Program Fitness Testing Protocols, by Badminton Australia in 2008, gives an example of a fitness testing battery. The tests included in their testing program were:
• Anthropometry (height, weight, skinfolds)
• Aerobic Fitness (20m shuttle run test)
• Flexibility (sit and reach, shoulder flexibility)
• Strength (hand-grip)
• Power (vertical jump, standing long jump)
• Strength Endurance (push-ups)
• Core Strength (plank)
• Speed (badminton specific on court speed test)