See attached

ATI BULLET POINTS

Legal Responsibilities: Providing Information About Advance Directives

· The purpose of advance directives is to communicate a client's wishes regarding end-of-life care should the client become unable to do so.

· A health care representative should be able to help with the process.

· Three types of advance directives are living will, durable power of attorney healthcare and provider’s order.

Ethical Responsibilities: Resolution Process for Ethical Dilemmas

· Ethical dilemmas are problems that involve more than one choice and stem from differences in the values and beliefs of the decision makers.

· Ethical decision making is a process that requires striking a balance between science and morality.

· In ethical decision, three basic principles that can be used for resolution of problems are that of intuitionism, moral idealism and utilitarianism

Infection Control: Planning a Protective Environment

· A nurse uses infection control practices (medical asepsis, surgical asepsis, standard precaution) to break the chain and thus stop the spread of infection.

· Pathogens are the micro-organism or microbes that cause infections such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, prion sand parasites.

· A nurse should assess each client for the risks of infection specific to the client, the disease or injury and the environment.

Skin Disorders: Assessing for Skin Malignancy

· Diagnosing skin malignancy usually begins with a visual examination.

· The Skin Cancer Foundation and the American Cancer Society recommend monthly self-examinations and annual doctor visits to screen for potential skin cancer.

· If a suspicious spot is found, your doctor will first examine the area, noting its size, shape, color and texture, as well as any bleeding or scaling.

Urinary Elimination: Performing a Catheter Irrigation

· Closed intermittent irrigation

· Open irrigation

· Use slow, even pressure when injecting the irrigating fluid. Adhere to aseptic technique during the irrigation process. Monitor the patient's temperature every 4 hours.

Grief, Loss, and Palliative Care

· The nurse serves as an advocate for the client sense of dignity and self esteem by providing palliative care at the end of life.

· Grief is the inner emotional response to loss and is exhibited through thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

· Loss/bereavement includes both grief and mourning as the individual deals with the death of a significant individual

Safe Medication Administration and Error Reduction: Discarding a Controlled Substance

· Right to safe medication includes right client, right medication, right dose, right time, right route, right documentation, right client education, right to refuse, right assessment and right evaluation.

· Medication errors can occur throughout the medication-use system. Such as, when prescribing a drug, upon entering information into a computer system, when the drug is being prepared or dispensed, or when the drug is given to or taken by a patient.

· Controlled substance waste for any reason, must be witnessed or documented by another nurse. Both nurses document this wasting.

Intravenous Therapy: Inserting a Peripheral IV for Older Adult Clients

· Avoid tourniquets

· Do not slap the extremity to visualize veins

· Avoid vigorous friction while cleaning the site

References:

Lilley, L. L., Rainforth-Collins, S., & Synder J.S (2017). Pharmacology and the nursing process (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier

Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert P., & Hall A. (2017). Fundamentals of Nursing (9th ed.). St. Louis, M.O: Elsevier.