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The Health Information Exchange (HIE) in U.S

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The impetus of Health Information Exchange in U.S

Health Information Exchange (HIE) is an information system that promotes a secure sharing of critical information as well the inclusive access critical medical information about a patient electronically (Abdelhak et al, 2014). One merit of the use of such electronic systems in the U.S is that they occur in different verities. The HIE also offer different types of services. Evidently, a recent development has enabled the HIE systems to promote the Marketplace and regional institutional services concerning the health sector. The merit of HIE applications included the improvement of speed, Quality, safety and reduced relative prices of charge per patient for care. This is made possible by the quick sharing of critical information among the doctors, pharmacists, nurses among all the relevant health personnel. The HGIE systems are such that, they are technically enabled to provide quick response to information demand with the relevant urgency and thus aids in the making of vital patient’s data and medical progress devoid of medical errors, readmissions, and duplicate testing. The resulting system has a generally improved diagnosis.

HIE enables three line of services in general: directed exchange, Query-based Exchange a consumer-mediated exchange services. Direct Exchange is the sending or receiving data electronically in the aid of coordination by caregivers. Whenever heath care provider wants to consult with other providers about a planned care, they employ the Query-based exchange while consumer-mediated Exchange enables patients to manage through control of the use of their personal information (Abdelhak et al, 2014). The availability of the three forms of health information Exchange makes the strong point of HIE since their integration in use is guided by some predetermined policies, technology, principles, and policies provision which have already been piloted before. The three forms are completely available throughout. With the Consumer-mediated Exchange system, the patient can be able to monitor the use of his personal medical information by their care provider. The patients can make a participation in their care enhancing through providing alternative providers with their heath condition, describe their heath information give the health missing or incorrect information, track and manage their own health.

Describe basic HIE organizational structures, architectures, and services

The commonly known architecture types of HIE includes the centralized hybrid and the federated models of HIE. The centralized HIE model is enabled with one Clinical Data Repository (CDR). The CDR is managed by HIE authority that is under the governance of the representatives from the relevant hospitals (Abdelhak et al, 2014). The hospitals located within the same metro area or within the same region can utilize the centralized model. a patient health agreed issues are retained and maintained in the centralized system with regular updates via interfaces. The information transmitted electronically with the customer's consent within all member hospitals. The structure of the regional model is as shown below in figure 1.0

Figure 1.0 Regional Central Authority (Abdelhak et al, 2014)

On the other hand, involves the collection and combination of all information repositories collected from several centralized models. Here the unique patient’s identifier data are collected from the centralized model and harmonized in a central authority. The patient’s information is stored in inaccessible locations and featured by unique patient’s identifiers which play an important role in the virtual roadmap. The national HIE model is a more complex combination of several federal HIE models. The models contain Patient’s identifiers and are typically called NwHIN. It uses the basic features of the federalized models in the management of patients’ information. The figures1.1 and 1.2 below shows the federalized and the national models respectively.

Figure 1.1: Federalized HIE Model (Abdelhak et al, 2014)

Figure 1.2: Nationalized Model of HIE (Abdelhak et al, 2014)

The basic services offered by the HIE systems includes the registry and directory aid, identity management, management of consent, administering security to data transport, person and entity identification and record locator services as well as search services for data (Abdelhak et al, 2014). Other services include the De-identification and the aggregation, data warehousing and analysis, data exchange and “add on” business lines services.

Explain why data stewardship in HIE services in import

Database management is the fundamental aspect that determines a firm’s power for future referential performance. Healthcare provides services in prerequisite approaches and thus a past diagnose is a reference to a future treatment. For this reason, it is much necessary for caregivers to practice data stewardship so as to maintain honest data and security from loss. Data stewardship in health sector enhances true records for future reference, simplified processes and thus saves of resources. Similarly, much time is saved from the loss when data is saved from loss since no much is spent in recovery. There is need to ensure better management strategies to regulate on the data access and handlers in the HIE systems. This is important since the health institutions deal with personal health information which should be accorded necessary privacy. This is in most cases enhanced through the seeking of special patient’s consent. The HIV/AIDS status, mental illness, and other sexually transmitted diseases information are sensitive health record which can only be shared with the patient's consent ad must comply with the requirements of HIPAA. For this reason, data access is regulated and with respect, faithfulness and honesty, failure to which implies offending the rights of the patient. The security and private provision of the Health Insurance Portability and Accounting Act (HIPAA) must be complied with in the handling of patient’s information (Abdelhak et al, 2014)

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What Activities Should Be Employed to Achieve the Benefits Of HIE Systems and overcome the related challenges

For a user to achieve the benefits of the HIE in the health sectors, the privacy of the patients’ information must be ensured and only with relevant consent should sharing be done. Correct data analysis should be conducted before making significant reference. All activities conducted should comply with the provision of HIPAA. Similarly, data security and backup strategies must be ensured to avoid loss of critical information. We also must set the database access policies and implement them accordingly and set the appropriate limit of information use. The care providers must also ensure openness and transparency, apply data integrity and quality principles and observe use limitation (Abdelhak et al, 2014)

. To overcome the challenges of the HIE users can do the following: ensure there is a reduction of the cost of administration, manual data and the costs of paper-basic systems either by avoiding unnecessary hospitalization, avoiding redundant testing and making more efficient testing. Caregivers should improve the patient care coordination and conciliate effective medication. This will solve the challenge of data handling management.

Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN)

Nationwide Health Information Network is a standard set, policy guideline and a limit spell that enable the health information exchange (HIE) in its internet application. NHIN regulates the exchange and sharing platform for health information through diversified entities. The policy guidelines are used by the federal Healthcare providers and the exchanges of health information at the federal level and the local levels. They direct the actions of information sharing in the national level by creating a secure panel that supports both the privacy and the security of the confidential data. The NHIN regulations control the data sharing on the basis of language, vocabularies, certification, authentication, vocabulary, and the delivery protocol. NHIN also checks on the message standards and ensuring directories as well as a trust security and framework for data management.

Reference

Abdelhak, M., Grostick, S., & Hanken, M. A. (2014). Health information: management of a

strategic resource. Elsevier Health Sciences.

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