assignment 4
· Section 1. Short answer question.
1. Define the term descriptive epidemiology and take a specific example to discuss some of its use.
2. Define the term ecologic study design. Name and describe one advantage and one disadvantage of ecologic studies.
3. List four major characteristics of epidemiologic study designs and state in which ways that case control, cross-section study designs differ from one another.
· Section 2. Study design questions.
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1-A case-control study was conducted among male veterans under age 60 to evaluate the association smoking, and oral cancer (Rothman & Keller, 1972). Smoking status was the primary exposure variable.
a. Calculate percentage of smoker in cases (4 points). b. Calculate percentage of smoker in controls. (4 points) c. Compare the two percentage, and summarize your finding based on the comparison. (2 points) d. Calculate the odds ratio and provide brief interpretation about the odds ratio. (5 points)
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2- Suppose you do a study to see if benzene exposure causes leukemia. You match the 1970 employment records of Benzene, Inc. (a Kentucky company) for 3000 workers to the Kentucky Cancer Registry. You use the employment records of 3000 UK workers as a comparison group. Of the workers at Benzene, Inc., 145 develop leukemia over a 30-year period compared to 10 from UK workers.
a. What kind of study is this? (3 points)
b. Construct the contingency table (3 points)
c. Calculating the risk of Leukemia for works exposing to Benzene. (3 points)
d. Calculating the risk of Leukemia for works not exposing to Benzene. (3 points)
e. What is the relative risk (RR) of exposing to Benzene and provide brief interpretation about the relative risk? (3 points)