Critical Deconstruction of Literature

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Question

In your lectures, four rationales for organisational analysis are described.

1

Critically discuss the argument presented by the author(s).

This article uses ethnographic studies in an attempt to understand why the technology adoption and integration among teachers and schools has persistently remained inconsistent. The researchers try to research how the complex and dynamic relationships between teaching and learning affect technology integration. The article reports that small differences in the computer literacy and efficacy of students can have momentous effect on the learning and teaching. It is thus important to engage in targeted data mining and systems thinking in order to improve technology integration.

2

What is the method - how do the author(s) convince their readers?

The research uses an ethnographic study of 7406 participants from a large-scale Australian study of technology innovation. The researchers also used data mining techniques to identify perceptions of students regarding technology and patterns of students’ use of technology. The researchers sought to get insights on ICT engagement, computer-efficacy, learning preferences and beliefs, school engagement, teacher involvement in ICT use and importance of ICT in teaching and learning. Association rules were used to analyse and conceptualize the results. Digital technology helps make learning interesting and helps make learners independent (Perrotta, 2013, p.314). The findings re also supported by research that reports that methods designed to address complex systems can help understand the relationship between “teaching, learning and digital technologies” (Howard, Thompson, Yang & Ma, 2017, p.326). The conclusions of the research are that the system model can effectively be used to study complexities and efficacy of digital technology on teaching and learning in groups. The research is in agreement with previous research that innovative strategies are needed when using digital technology to address negative perceptions of learners.

3

Drawing on your answers from analysing Q (1) and (2), critically analyse and match your analysis to the rational given in Lecture 1 for Organisational Analysis

The paradigm that best matches the approach of this article is radical structuralist. The researchers take the position of a warrior for social progress. The radical structuralist is a paradigm that where the researcher tries to raise the ideological conscience as to why technological integration is inconsistent (Hirschheim & Klein, 1989, p.1210).

. The article calls for organized changed in the adoption and use of digital technology so as to boost learners confidence and modify perceptions of teachers and schools regarding the role of technology in learning and teaching.

Question

In your lectures, four rationales for organisational analysis are described.

1

Critically discuss the argument presented by the author(s).

The objective of the research was to understand the motivations behind the pedagogical behaviour of Norwegian teachers as well as their choices and practices by understanding the underlying beliefs and perceptions. The researchers wanted to understand how the teachers perceive technology-rich classrooms which are integral to the teaching process. The researchers argue that if teachers are not comfortable with changes, then it is impossible to change the teaching practices. The research offers pedagogical explanation based on consciousness of teachers.

2

What is the method - how do the author(s) convince their readers?

The researchers used a composite of ethnographical data collection methods. Data was collected from the reports of other researchers and reports of schools. The researchers also obtained data from the development work with ICT. More interpersonal approaches such as interviewing and videorecording of lessons, discussions and reflections of teachers. The objective was to understand the subjective views of the teachers regarding the role of technology in classrooms. The conclusion was that cultural and institutional factors such as the established view of perceiving the school as an institution for cultural reproduction can be a significant barrier to the use of technology. Research shows that the cognitive levels of students and social engagement are highly influenced by the teacher’s conceptions of effective use of technology in teaching (Gebre, Saroyan & Bracewell, 2014, p.83). Established practices of paper –based tests also exerts a strong effect on how, when and if teachers integrate digital teaching technology

3

Drawing on your answers from analysing Q (1) and (2), critically analyse and match your analysis to the rational given in Lecture 1 for Organisational Analysis

The article uses the social relativism approach as it seeks to study the learners to understand the problems from the systems approach. seeks to improve subjective understanding and cultural sensitivity by adapting to internal forces (Hirschheim & Klein, 1989, p.1210). The study is highly subjective and sensitive to the existing culture of Norwegian teachers' pedagogical behaviour and offers culturally appropriate means of adapting the current practice. The research helps the reader to appreciate how teachers in Norwegian top schools value the importance of technology-rich environment. The research seeks encourage the maintenance of status quo.

Question

In your lectures, four rationales for organisational analysis are described.

1

Critically discuss the argument presented by the author(s).

This source concerns itself with the study of how the society perceives technology and technology advancements in the context of education. The authors propose a vital link between the current rhetoric of ICT and Biesta’s idea of “new language of learning” (Biesta, 2005, p.55).

2

What is the method - how do the author(s) convince their readers?

The authors used bibliometric analysis of published literature regarding teaching and to research teaching and learning. The literature considered for the research was sourced from BIBSYS and ERIC databases. The authors used correlations analysis between learning’ and teaching to understand the effect of teaching methods of teachers on learning of learners. The conclusion is that teaching should use methods that make learning easy, smooth, flexible and individualized. The findings are in line with Biesta’s hypothesis on the importance of individualism on learning.

3

Drawing on your answers from analysing Q (1) and (2), critically analyse and match your analysis to the rational given in Lecture 1 for Organisational Analysis

The article best aligns with the functionalist paradigm as the researchers sought to research and provide an explanation of the status quo regarding teaching and learning that brings about social order. The findings highlight he need to satisfy the learning needs of each learner. The functionalist paradigm is where researchers present themselves as experts in the subject matter (Hirschheim & Klein, 1989, p.1210).

Question

In your lectures, four rationales for organisational analysis are described.

1

Critically discuss the argument presented by the author(s).

The author provides an overview of the existing perceptions of teaching and learning. Biesta criticizes the notion that teaching should be tailored to ‘meeting the needs of the learner’ as this perception it difficult to appreciate the contributions of teachers in the teaching and learning process. A learner centred approach also interferes with the possibility of having an informed and democratic debate regarding learning and teaching.

2

What is the method - how do the author(s) convince their readers?

Biesta did not collect primary data but rather used secondary data to present and support arguments in the article. The data collection and analysis was done through bibliometric analysis of literature. The conclusion of Biesta is that proper education language should promote educational relationships that foster trust, mitigate violence and responsibility. The conclusion of the article is that new theories of learning should be informed by ideals of postmodernism and seeks to promote the idea of welfarism and reclaim and reinvent language of education to replace language of learning. (M⊘ ller, 2007, p.31). The conclusion can be challenged if a proper research is conducted in an ethnographic mode using the social relativist paradigm.

3

Drawing on your answers from analysing Q (1) and (2), critically analyse and match your analysis to the rational given in Lecture 1 for Organisational Analysis

The research is framed according to the radical social structuralist paradigm. In this paradigm, the author emphasizes the need to depose the limitations placed on prevailing social and organizational structure of educational institutions (Hirschheim & Klein, 1989, p.1210). Here, the researcher seeks to redefine the conception education by redefining the structure and analysis of education power relationships.