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Full citation of selected article

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Augustine, L., Brown, R., & McCollum, W. (2019). A Qualitative Case Study Exploring Hand-Hygiene Standards in an Intensive Care Unit. International Journal of Applied Management and Technology, 18(1), 126-141.  https:// HYPERLINK "https://doi.org/10.5590/IJAMT.2019.18.1.09" doi.org/10.5590/IJAMT.2019.18.1.09

Hallam, J., Crawford, H., Nolan, R., DeBois, K., & Chatfield, S. L. (2017). Hand hygiene among healthcare workers: A qualitative meta summary using the GRADE-CERQual process. Journal of Infection Prevention, 18(3), 104-120.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1757177416680443

Sands, M., & Aunger, R. (2020). Determinants of hand hygiene compliance among nurses in US hospitals: A formative research study. Plos one, 15(4), e0230573.

Akkoc, G., Soysal, A., Gul, F., Kepenekli Kadayifci, E., Arslantas, M., & Yakut, N. et al. (2021). Reduction of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit using an electronic hand hygiene compliance monitoring system. The Journal Of Infection In Developing Countries, 15(12), 1923-1928. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.14156

Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest)

Due to its focus on hand hygiene in ICUs, this article was chosen for the research.  When it comes to hospital acquired diseases, the author focuses on the dangers of unsanitary hand hygiene. There are CDC guidelines for hand cleanliness that healthcare personnel should follow, and this article encourages that they do so. The article is targeting on raising awareness about hand hygiene for healthcare providers. The article is much relevant for disease prevention.

The article was picked because it emphasizes the necessity of hand washing among health care professionals. Hand cleanliness is an efficient strategy to minimize infection outbreaks by healthcare personnel in health settings, according to the article. The article suggests that people have access to quality education on the importance of hand hygiene. Training about hand hygiene is expressed in the article. The article is significant because it ensure that healthcare providers in the ICU knows best about hand hygiene.

The article was picked because it emphasizes the importance of hand washing in reducing hospital-acquired diseases. Nurses, as per the author, have a lot of contact with patients, thus they need to practice good hand hygiene before attending to them. In addition, the essay analyzes the most important factors that influence hand hygiene compliance. The article expresses clearly about the role that handwashing play in preventing diseases. Good hand hygiene practice is a disease prevention strategy.

The article relates to the issue of hygiene in the clinical setting. I chose the article because it incorporates the modern technology where the electronic hand hygiene and recording is used for reminder purposes. The article indicates that most hospital related infections are contributed by the failure of the providers engaging in a regular hygiene. Intervention strategies such as hygiene training, and electronic recording reminders improve the minimize infections. The article highlights about importance of hand hygiene training and reminder systems

Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article

Non-compliance with CDC hand-hygiene standards leads to an increase in hospital-acquired infections. According to a new study, poor hand hygiene brings about acquired infections that is detrimental to patient health. An investigation on the behavioral characteristics and behaviors that influence compliance with hand hygiene in intensive care units (ICUs) is conducted by the author. The research targets on ways of reducing hospital-acquired infections. Handwashing emerged as the best technique for prevention.

A good handwashing in the hospital facility reduce unnecessary infections. Patients would be more secure in a good hand hygiene environment and threat of infections is reduced. ICU in the healthcare sector is a sensitive area where all infections should be prevented. The prevention is achieved through good management and hygiene training programs.

The purpose of this article is to determine how well health-care employees adhere to hand-hygiene regulations. The article combines information from qualitative study studies on nurse hand hygiene. There is also the aspect of compliance around the world. According to the report, healthcare practitioners perceive they have adequate hand-hygiene training. However, resource assistance in health centers is frequently lacking, compromising hand hygiene.

The article highlights about what is needed to achieve hand hygiene. More focus is directed to the healthcare management. Resources are needed to make hand hygiene a success. There is the need to involve relevant stakeholders in the hygiene process. The article insists that hand hygiene is paramount for ICU department.

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence nurses' handwashing compliance. The article also highlighted about job functions that are critical for successful handwashing. The article shows the social standards and physical changes needed to achieve hand hygiene. The article dictates that the working environment is important for the patient health and recovery rate. The patient status in healthcare require much attention to protect the already damaged immune.

Minimizing facility acquired infection is a good move to protect the patients. The author examines how these factors influence nurse hand hygiene. The social standards ensure that nurses and physicians understand the hygiene. Nurses has more interactions with patients and hand hygiene would make it better to minimize additional infections. Hand hygiene is important in creating a conducive environment.

The article expresses the need of having a well-regulated infection control and hand hygiene. Hygiene in the healthcare facility is the responsibility of every provider. The adoption of electronic reminders is paramount in ensuring that healthcare providers gets reminded about it. Hand hygiene reduces the spread of infections and guarantee patient safety. The electronic reminders sensitizes the hand hygiene.

Creating a conducive clinical setting require decongestion promoting hygiene. There is no progress when hand hygiene is only adopted and congestion is there. The goal is to prevent infections that is brought by dirty hands. The article highlights that using electronic reminders and recorders for nurses and physicians would increase hand hygiene and minimize infections. Hand hygiene that is maintained would result to a regulated infection control through hands especially when interacting with patients.

Brief description of the research methodology used Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative , quantitative , or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.

An in-depth study of ICU hand hygiene compliance conducted. There was the CDC's guidelines conducted using qualitative research methods. A sample of patients from a private hospital's intensive care unit in Washington, DC, was used in the study. ICU doctors, nurses, and technicians were selected as a sample population for this study. 35 participants were involved that is 15 nurses, 25 doctors and 5 patient care technicians.

The study purpose was to evaluate impacts of non-compliance of hand hygiene in ICU. Different sources of data was used that is direct observation, interviews and secondary data. Open-ended questions used in the questionnaire. The data collection methods gave insights about hand hygiene. The qualitative research method promoted better data insights.

Qualitative research was used in this paper, which incorporated findings from a variety of qualitative studies on hand hygiene. In total, the researcher uncovered 36 papers on healthcare professionals' hand hygiene that were qualitative. The selected articles are credible. The approach ensure that the secondary sources are qualitative with detailed insights.

Healthcare workers in most of the sources believes in training. The training on hand hygiene promote its successful implementation. The method used allow literature of different regions promoting comparison. The target sources are the ones that explain more about hand hygiene and its benefits in healthcare. The article method is credible in bringing quality feedback.

A survey sample of 540 people was used in this study. The research was done based on quantitative research. Workplace changes such as new furniture, color schemes, and other physical alterations were all assessed through the use of surveys and other questionnaires administered by the study's team. The study used survey questionnaire in data collection. The survey target in bringing data about behavioral change.

Nurse profession is the much targeted group. The issue of interest is the hand hygiene in the ICU section of healthcare. Formative research conducted to undertake the undetermined factors. The factors are those that might influence hand hygiene like social norms. Hand hygiene should be made a culture and mandatory for successful implementation.

For the purpose of preventing healthcare-associated infections in a tertiary referral facility, hand hygiene is needed. Researchers used an automated hand hygiene tracking and reminder system as an observational qualitative approach. Patient safety was monitored in anesthesia and reanimation critical care during the months of April and August of 2016. Conventional observation and an electronic recording and reminder system were used to monitor hand-hygiene compliance across two two-month periods. Incidence rate ratios were used to estimate the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections.

The data collected through observation was about hand hygiene. The observation method where data was recorded from the providers gives correct information. The ICU section is targeted in the research to give better insights. Hand hygiene is essential in preventing infections in the facility. The recording on the hand hygiene shows how reminders makes it a success in controlling infections.

A brief description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.

Using a qualitative approach was a good fit for this study. The reason is that it sought to get insight into participants' behavior. In addition, qualitative design is the most effective method for examining the myriad of issues that arise in healthcare facilities. Purposive sampling was employed to verify the authenticity. The sampling method also promoted trustworthiness of the data.

The study also restricted that the, only people who work directly with patients were allowed to participate. The study collected primary data using qualitative approach. The data collection was done following the guidelines including consent. The research is reliable because qualitative data allow participants give a detailed insight in text format. The research is credible because the participants were sourced in a private facility as a sample.

An important component of the article's qualitative research was its ability to provide high levels of trust in the aggregated results. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program focused on design and execution. It also allows the researcher to generate a rating that reflects methodological limits. The program was used also to strengthen the qualitative technique. In order to verify the validity and reliability of the findings, the researcher carried out extra direct study to verify the dependability of the qualitative articles.

This study's validity was further enhanced by removing any research papers that were not qualitatively designed and analyzed by the investigator. The method used is accepted and within the requirements. The sources are credible and scholarly. There was a consistency of measure on the used resources.

The article's quantitative methods benefited greatly from the inclusion of substantial amounts of primary data. The research team was able to gather quality data. The researcher focused on the factors that influence hand hygiene among health workers. The researcher made sure that primary data is collected for accuracy purposes. Questionnaire-based research has improved the methodology's credibility.

The research method used was credible because there was a consent for the participants involved. The research was done correctly and in a consistent manner. The study validity was supported by the fact that questionnaire method was used according to quantitative research. The research data collection was done after approval. Scholarly sources used a literature to support.

The use of observational approach, which includes nurses and medical doctors using electronic reminders for hand hygiene. It was a key strength of the qualitative methodology ensure that the approach is recorded to see how reminders improve hand hygiene practices. To improve the methodology's reliability and validity, the researcher targeted a given tertiary facility to check on compliance on hand hygiene. In addition, the researcher conducted comprehensive study and a thorough assessment of the literature to confirm the validity of the findings and conclusions.

The research followed all the scientific requirements in the study. There was the early communication to the tertiary facility where the research is conducted randomly. The data was consistent making the research reliable in showing compliance to hand hygiene. There was validity contributed by its reference to credible sources for how hand hygiene compliance is improved. The data collection was done by observing and recording bringing value.

General Notes/Comments

Hand hygiene in intensive care units (ICUs) is a major theme of this paper. When it comes to preventing the spread of illnesses in healthcare facilities, hand washing is a key component. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that healthcare workers wash their hands frequently, especially in patients' rooms.

According to the author's conclusion, more healthcare hygiene training and resources are needed in healthcare facilities. It is necessary to raise awareness of hand cleanliness in order to minimize hospital-acquired illnesses, even if healthcare providers say they have received adequate training. Hand sanitizers should be readily available in hospitals, and hospital administrators should see to it that there are plenty of them.

Hand hygiene in hospitals can be improved with increased instruction in hygiene practices, according to the conclusions of this paper. Hand-washing should be made a habit among healthcare staff if hospitals are to achieve this goal. Increased hand washing points and hand sanitizers should be installed in healthcare institutions in order to improve patient compliance.

According to this article, quality healthcare begins with simple actions like hand hygiene. However, the study found that the hand-hygiene intervention was impacted by the willingness and compliance of healthcare providers. Promoting reminders would increase hand hygiene and limit hospital infections. In order to limit the number of hospital-acquired illnesses, it is critical to involve nurses and physicians in using reminders for compliance.