biostatistics
Title
PATIENTS SAISFACTION ABOUT PATIENTS REFERRAL PROCESS TO RIYADH SPECIALIZED DENTAL CENTER
My friend, I wrote all my notices need to be corrected inside this file for each part ,,, I need you to using same layout here include 12 font size (time new roman) ,,,space 1.5 between lines,,,,thank you
Data Collection
I wrote the result of data after I collected from questioner so I put the answer for each question beside the choices as number,,,,also my friend I needed a spelling and grammar check for this questionnaire in this part ,,,thank you
The result beside every question
All sample was 400 participants
Please Select Gender:
· MALE 220
· FEMALE 180
Please Select Correct Age Range of Yours:
· >18 years old 343
· 12-18 years old 29
· <12 years old 28
Please Select Applicable Educational Attainment At the Moment:
· More than University/College edition (MS) 63
· University/College Graduate 201
· High School or less 136
Part Two:
Was the referral done by paper forms or automation?
· Paper (paper referral forum) 103
· Automatic forum) 239
· Not Sure 58
Was the referral out of own choice or choice by doctor?
· Doctor’s suggestion . 299
· My suggestion . 101
In the case a doctor explains about your sickness, do you have any idea what the referral is for:
· YES 338
· NO 62
Did the dentist in te primary healthcare center provide any dental treatment before referral?
❏ YES 203
❏ NOT 176
❏ NOT SURE 21
Staff that responsible about referral did he give you any communication methods in case issues arise?
❏ YES 141
❏ NO 202
❏ NOT SURE 57
Did you feel any uncomfortable feeling when conducting the experiment how does to fell thick?
❏ Easy procedures. 172
❏ Acceptable procedures 168
❏ Difficult, hard to follow 68
My friend, you need to read the introduction, literature review , objectives, material and methods before start doing the results to understand the topics and the date and information be Consistent, thank you
INTRODUCTION
In evaluating the performance of healthcare services, customer satisfaction is an important measure. Nevertheless, it is influenced not only by performance of the healthcare services rendered, but also by the willingness of the health professionals to communicate effectively with the clients and the preferences of a health care environment for the patient. Polls of patient outcomes have been used in the assessment of medical care worldwide with increased frequency. They were used to evaluate the quality of service in the hospital environment, in objective measures, and to examine the relation between satisfaction with diagnosis and compliance, enforcement, and consistency. Such surveys were also used by dental healthcare professionals around the world to address the needs of clients and increase the quality of their services.
Customer satisfaction is a subjective decision of the quality of service, but when patients have a selection of services or the ability to endorse a provider to others, it is a driving factor. Satisfied patients come home because they need a health care system and suggest their doctor to friends and family members when they are looking for a suitable health care provider. Unhappy patients rarely come back when they have other opportunities or attribute their unpleasant experiences to anyone else. Therefore, increasing customer satisfaction levels is very critical, especially in today's challenging medical landscape in which integrated care organizations use patient outcomes as a metric to assess their reimbursements.
The need to fix healthcare efficiency in Saudi Arabia has risen dramatically over the past few years, mainly due to the 2.7 percent growth in the Saudi community annually. To provide adequate care across each of its provinces, the 2013 budget for Saudi Arabia included funding for 19 new hospitals, in addition to the 102 currently under construction.There have been issues, though, that the pace of the development of medical care capacity might sacrifice the performance of health services. Researchers regarded certification as the gold standard for medicine and might lead to quality management and development, thereby positively affecting medical outcomes.
Customer satisfaction is an important thing to consider in any dentist clinic or health facility. Many studies were conducted in Riyadh, Madinah and Qassim in Saudi Arabia to determine customer satisfaction. Current health care, however, depends heavily onto the patient's co-contribution to the service provision system. Contentment relies not only on the dental procedures, but also in the medical team's cooperation. Dentists, managers, engineers and receptionists are included in this group. We all should work along with one another with an aim to gain patient confidence, as this will represent the desire of patients to respond with patient outcomes is the most essential thing that each health center has to accomplish.
Customer satisfaction with oral health facilities is the balance that occurs here between patient's view of the treatment obtained / after serving with patient perceptions prior to service. If the perceptions of the patient are encountered, this means that somehow the delivery has delivered quality medical care that makes an excellent quality and will also result in increased satisfaction. Patient satisfaction is a useful metric that can be used to determine the quality treatment of the provider and its compliance with the medications.
Most patients evaluated during a primary healthcare visit would need dental treatment, including accurate care and treatment that can only be given by a dental staff. Wherever practicable, the primary healthcare group must endorse the strong relationships of patients by transferring to their specific dentists clients who have a daily source of dental treatment. Nevertheless, it can be assumed that many clients seen in the primary healthcare environment do not yet have a connection with a specialist and will need referrals services support. The basic principle of the Dental Health Service Structure (the Framework) is that references to dental treatment should be as seamless as references to any other medical or surgical professional — the burden of coordinating care transitions shouldn't even be on the person.
For co-located medical services, primary healthcare services have an extensive consultation network "installed-in." But, functional testing experience indicates that there are many possibilities for policies with non-located dental services to enhance referral procedures and standardize care. In addition, most co-located dental practices are capable of absorbing either the amount or form of referrals that patient care can produce.
The referral program among dental clinics in primary healthcare centers and advanced dental facilities will help patients reach the qualified clinic by strengthening referral services and concentrating on coordinated treatment between primary healthcare centers and advanced dental clinics. Patient engagement between primary healthcare centers and specialist dental centers with prescription steps.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Patient satisfaction is one of the quintessential parts of public health output since it gives a feedback that is vital on what healthcare institutions should work on next to improve their services such as investing in more facilities, getting more focus on specialist expertise, among others. When there is a negative feedback, this obviously creates more ideas on improving the service to future and existing customers.
A research by Mohebifar et. al. (2016) revealed that negative gap in the feedback dimensions shows that the institution must further invest in improving their services. In the research, academic hospital in Qazvin, Iran served as the subject of the research. Results show that a significant difference in service levels in all five parameters (p<0.05) between value and efficiency. When looking at the difference, the measurements "Reliability" (2.36) and "Assurance" (2.24) had the best quality gap and the weakest gap was "Responsiveness" (1.97). Reliability and certainty were also found in Quadrant (1), empathy was found in Quadrant (2), and tangibles and accessibility were relevant in Quadrant (4).
To ensure the highest level of quality of hospital services and recognize existing deficiencies, patients ' perceptions of different quality metrics need to be measured and examined and contrasted to their service quality standards. Applying tactical methods can also help managers improve the quality of services and satisfaction of customers by stressing the expectations of relevance and success identified by service users in each general area. In addition, outcome-makers can use the effects of matrix analysis to effectively allocate scarce resources by putting greater emphasis on areas that require special attention. Such an analysis is important in today's health sector to cut costs.
Funds should be dedicated either to boost the performance dimensions of maintaining a good function quadrant like consistency or to address the main shortcomings of focus in this quadrant from the viewpoint of patients. It is also revealed that the research that represents the value and at the same time appropriate quality of these measurements is deemed to be in region of consistency and security. Findings also indicated that perceived service quality was mainly measurable, stating that the highest mean of patient standards was linked to physical environment, facilities, payment system, and cleanliness.
While negative customer satisfaction plagues most healthcare institutions, some of those in the KSA have moderate to satisfactory patient outcomes.
Dental services in the King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital was the focus of the research by Naguib et. al (2016). In the research, they concluded that while there is an overall high rate on patient outcomes, loopholes still persist within the system. Overall, patients were pleased with the care they provided (84.1%), with particular appreciation of physicians and staff supervisors being respectful (73.4%, 61.0%, in both), and expressing their views (54.3% and 60.0%, in both). Discontent with the nature of the patient relationship (48.2 percent) and professionalism (49.6 percent) were observed, and the majority of patients reported to be extremely unhappy with the review system (69.0 percent) and medical communication difficulty (72.0 percent).
There is a stark difference between reviewing a private health facility and a university health facility is that the professionals running. While this is in no way disparaging the efforts of both those that work in the aforementioned type of facilities, the expertise differs due to the number of hours or rather years spent mastering their profession. In the study, it was discussed that some of the employees and/or interns have only completed high school education and some have previous experience in non-medical settings. This requires close inspection as receptionists in the dentistry team are tactical. Not only do they provide all the "face" of care as they are the very first people to meet the patient, they provide patients with appropriate flow and recommendations and a frame of reference for patients looking for information.
The care patients get with particular gratification of being friendly and expressing their views with respect to doctors and staff supervisors. It clearly reflects the level of competence of the staff of the institution and ultimately offers a high level of patient faith in the work performed at the subjected institute. Nevertheless, the study highlighted a concern raised by patients about "listening carefully" to them by the supervising staff and appearing at the meetings on schedule.
The research provides significant discovery that the institution as a whole has to resolve healthcare issues in order to boost its facilities. Interacting with patients is the foundation of effective patient service; thus, these results should be used by the hospital to find a way to create a medical environment conducive to good doctor-patient interaction. It is possible to follow many approaches, including increasing the number of nurses, expanding the medical session duration and creating a more effective referral system.
On the other hand, a different perspective on a general area in the Eastern Saudi Arabia region was given focus on research by Al Fraihi & Latif (2016). The study aimed at examining patient impressions and preferences of outpatient care in hospitals using a quality of service difference model and shaping factors such as these. It then stated that the proposed system is empirically validated, and significant quality service disparities of all 5 measurements need to be given priority and resolved through concentrated health board development efforts.
The research data showed that by following the suggested standards, the proposed model for service quality dimensions suit well. The preferences of patients surpassed beliefs in all aspects of customer satisfaction, suggesting statistically meaningful differences in service quality (t=26.3, p<0.000). Findings showed that the compassion factor applied to the expectations of most patients (4.7 ± 0.5) and perceptions (3.7 ± 0.8) scores, and less to expectations (4.5 ± 0.6) and perceptions (3.2 ± 0.8) scores. Prompt services reported the highest quality of service difference, while privacy analysis showed the lowest quality of service gap in reports.
The surroundings of the hospital plays a key role in increasing the quality of care, an appealing ambulatory environment and finding appropriate ambulatory facilities as one of the most significant reasons for people coming to the clinic. The disparity in the measurable aspect is a wake-up call for hospital management to significantly improve the outpatient services ' surroundings.
The three most important service quality deficiencies are linked to ambulatory setting, service timeliness, and outpatient service consistency. The expectations in this study are higher than the attitudes of the quality of service offered, suggesting potential for improvement in all configurations of quality. A difference in one aspect can have a stimulating effect on other aspects of quality of service, leading to a reduction in those dimensions.
Such a conclusion can also add to the fact that the correlation between customer satisfaction and quality of service dimensions should be extended. Consideration should also be given to the opinions of patients and service providers in future research. It should be noted that one method can not only gather the preferences but also the aspirations of patients for the quality of service.
On a general note, a certain study by Ali (2016) notes the general scene of dental care satisfaction amongst patients. Two notes were the focal point of the study: (1) assess the degree of patient outcomes between clinical and non-clinical dental care given in specialized dental centers and (2) examine the factors correlated with the overall degree of fulfillment. It was then revealed that the participants were generally pleased, but they noted internal differences. The strongest satisfaction was with the quality of the dentists exhibited, followed by the services of the dental associates, and the poorest satisfaction with the physical attributes and accessibility of the center. Data shows further that the incremental regression analysis showed that the determination factor (R2) was 40.4%. Customer satisfaction with dentists ' results accounted for 42.6 percent of customer satisfaction, while their medical satisfaction clarified 31.5 percent of user satisfaction.
The findings of this study indicated that, except for availability and the physical outer of the reception / waiting rooms, the satisfaction level with dental care services was significantly higher for much of the areas tested.
In relation to the study, in terms of accessibility, there is a need for solutions, especially when scheduling an appearance and the accompanying wait period. Such initiatives will promote quality, patient-focused service delivery to enhance the dental center's reputation, warrant increased use and help improve patients' oral health, thus improving their well-being and standard of living.
On the other hand, there has been countless studies involving observance of patient satisfaction across countries across the world.
One of those studies was a focus on patient satisfaction in Malaysia, particularly in the city of Johor Bahru. In the study conducted by Rafidah & Suhaila (2017), they revealed that using two random sampled hospital facilities, they concluded that while these two were both government hospitals, Hospital A gave a better experience than Hospital B. In the study, they suggested that for hospitals to be more patient-friendly, proper funding should be seen, and the expertise should be more recognizable in a world where the population is continuously evolving over time.
Similarly, Bhat et. al. (2019) conducted the same approach of observing dental health care programs and/or facilities to measure patient satisfaction, but this time it’s done in a rural are in Udaipur, India. Data on the study showed that for the issue of camp overall performance, the highest mean satisfaction rating (4.97 ± 0.59) was observed, while waiting time for care, treatment efficiency, and clarification of referral need showed the lowest mean score. The average monthly community satisfaction scores (4.55 ± 0.52) are substantially higher than the weekly camps (4.38 ±0.55) (P= 0.013).
Programs for dental education are a significant part of public dental health programs. These programs help health professionals penetrate the poorer sections of society to provide oral health services. The study results showed that the patient satisfaction ratings for various aspects of weekly and monthly dental outreach programs were adequate to nice. In addition, more satisfaction scores were recorded in monthly dental camps compared to weekly camps.
On one note, Akbar et. al. (2018) conducted a general study on patient satisfaction amongst recipients of dental care in North Mamuju in Indonesia. Data showed that the aspects of empathy indicates the 43 (100 percent) respondents pleased while insurance aspects did not satisfy the 4 (14.0 percent) respondents.
Empathy dimensions are based on the dimensions that are most fulfilled. Empathy is an important component, particularly with regard to cognitive involves the understanding of emotions, information, and ability to communicate in order to help alleviate distress or patient concerns.
Patient satisfaction is based on the most pleased physical properties of the physical attributes to address the dentists ' appearance queries as well as the most dissatisfied respond to questions about the treatment room's cleanliness and neatness. Dimensions in this situation the most prominent dentists physical appearance and linked to satisfaction and expected quality of service. Positive and important contribution on customer satisfaction on the measurements of comfort (physical appearance) is one direct evidence that there is comfort in the reception area facilities and the patient will specifically assess the neatness and sanitation.
Satisfaction is based on the measurements of the most satisfied respondents in the health services who responded to the question of the benefits offered by the services and many are not satisfied with the efficacy of the medical services. The efficiency of its service waiting lists until diagnosis as it takes a long time for each patient to do care.
The hospital must effectively introduce the correct repair service system in a dynamic global world. This brings up the question of what and how to increase the quality of service and the experience of the customer. Hence it is very important to understand how to improve access performance for all aspects in line to customer preferences and expectations.
Doctors ' actions has an important role to play in patient satisfaction, accompanied by medication accessibility, hospital facilities, staff conduct, and medical information. The patient's main reason for returning to a health facility is an appreciation of doctors, clinics, patient, nurse, and community contacts. It is therefore very important to examine factors that can increase patient satisfaction that are useful in improving service quality, particularly in health facilities.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the study are as follows:
1. Analyze whether the patient would leave the primary healthcare office with a referral to a particular dentist or dentistry office that has a consultation arrangement with the primary healthcare practice. Directions should clarify what to do, what to anticipate, and who to keep in touch with if there are issues.
2. Study if an approved collection of details must be sent to the doctor from the primary healthcare clinic, so the dentist knows the purpose for the consultation and has adequate information about the medical condition of the person to be able to provide proper treatment, including prescribing antibiotics, in a safe manner.
3. Analyze if the doctor should deliver a consulting note detailing the patient's view, what was accomplished, and any long term treatment options to the primary healthcare clinician.
4. Investigate whether all appointments should be recorded as structured data in the EHR so that they could be documented by the primary healthcare staff and so that the referral system can be controlled to ensure that clinicians are constantly referred to as having active disease.
To achieve these goals, the primary healthcare practice must monitor and endorse the appointment until the dentist receives a consulting notice. This method is referred to as "locking the circuit," and is the benchmark for efficient collaboration of care. In addition, an essential component of caring cooperation is to have a system in place to help people find and book appointments, and to receive full help when needed. Methods should provide the same degree of dental consultation aid as they do for all other inpatient and outpatient appointments.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the dental clinics of Riyadh Specialized Dental Center (as tertiary dental healthcare center) from October to November 2019. The sample consisted of 400 participants who were randomly selected . Of the questionnaires distributed 440 and 400 patients responded; the response rate was 90%. Study sample The required sample size was determined on the basis of a pilot study which was conducted on 30 participants, in which 26% of them showed good satisfaction levels. Using formula for estimating sample size for single population, proportion with 95% confidence level and 0.05 degree of accuracy, a sample size of 271 was obtained. Allowing 10% of non‑responders, the final sample size comes around 298.
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The Research Ethics Committee of the ministry of health , approved this study. also the informed consent was get from each participant . After explaining the purpose and details of the study, a written informed consent was obtained from all the participants who were willing to participate.
The questionnaire was designed so that patients would evaluate the dental center services. The questionnaire explored nonclinical dental services.We define patient satisfaction as ‘positive evaluations of specific aspects of healthcare facility ’.In our context, it refers to a measurement that obtains ratings from patients about referral procedd for dnebtal clinics in primary healthcare centers to Riyadh Specialized Dental Center (as tertiary dental healthcare center).
A self-administered revised questionnaire was used to assess patients’ satisfaction with referral process from dental clinic in the primary care centers to Riyadh Specialized Dental Center. A questionnaire was designed from cues of questions used in previous results, and formulated in a manner that would help us better understand our patients’ concerns and needs. The questionnaire was distributed by dental records department, appointment department , inside dental clinics of Riyadh Specialized Dental Center also in the patients waiting areas to patients as they arrived for their appointment. The anonymity and confidentiality of the participants were assured. This questionnaire was evaluated in a pilot study of thirty participants. The questionnaire was used to measure varying criteria affecting patients’ satisfaction. In addition to the socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender and education). The questionnaire was distributed between participants by the Arabic language. The questionnaire was administered by face‑to‑face interview. the questionnaire consisted of 6 questions related to process of referral from dental clinics in primary healthcare centers to Riyadh Specialized Dental center. The first question ask about if the referral was paper based or computer based , the second question measure if you request the referral by your self or the doctor he decided to make referral ,third question ask about if the dentist explain to you the reason of referral to Riyadh Specialized Dental center, fourth question about ask if dentist in dental clinic of primary healthcare center did any dental treatment before referral , fifth question ask about if the person who responsible about the referral process give you any communication number incase you facing any problem while referral process , the last question ask about if the patient feel process of referral was difficult or easy process .also at the end the questionnaire added comments space for any additional .
my friend , this part statistic analysis need your experience to edit the paragraph done just example to guide you but its not belong my study because I do not know which statistics analysis suitable to my study ,,, than you
(here just example) Statistical analyses
The data analyses were conducted using SPSS (version 20; Chicago, Ill., USA). A t-test was used to test the differences in variables between two independent groups such as gender and education. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the significance of the differences across more than two independent groups, as well as with regard to sequelae, as in the case of age and the dental centers. Finally, to create a model of the causal relationships among the six research variables, both a general linear model (GLM) and a stepwise regression analysis were applied. The results were considered as significant when they were associated with P < 0.05.
Here another examples
Statistical analysis
The recorded data were compiled and entered into a spreadsheet computer programme (Microsoft Excel 2013) and then exported to data editor page of SPSS version 20 (IBM SPSS Statistics 20, Chicago, Illinois, USA). The descriptive statistics included computation of percentages. The statistical tests applied for the analysis were Pearson’s Chi‑square test. For all tests, confidence level and level of
significance were set at 95% and 5%, respectively. The test was also used to compare mean satisfaction scores from weekly camps with monthly camps.
Here another example Data collection and analysis
Data collected were describe using SPSS (v22). Client demographic characteristics were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages.
I need you to write :
1. The results that including diagrams + tables+ illustrations as need ,,, I need 1000 words in this part .
2. Discussion, I need to be correlated to my study and well elaborated to all point in the survey with logic explanation .,,, I need 1000 words in this part .
3. Conclusion , I need good conclusion related to the results of the study ,,, I need 500 words in this part.
4. Recommendation ,,,I need good recommendations ,,, I need 500 words in this part .
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