For Mathguy18
Running head: Effects of Free verses Directional Listening on Duration of Individual
Music Listening by Prekindergarten Children.
Journal Article #1
Rock-star Student
Morton College
Preschool Music Education 1
Must be included and single-
spaced
Article Summary:
A previous study released in 1999 by Cassidy and Geringer, reviewed had shown music with
visual presentations, such as, animated Disney videos were viewed more by children.
Gromko and Russell in 2002 examined and concluded no differences in listening to music
along with visuals. In this case study by Wendy L. Sims released in 2005, has a more
profound understanding of the way music can impact a child’s life and should be viewed as
an important aspect of their daily life and even can affect their future.
This is a fifteen year study with more than two hundred participants from the ages of
three to six years of age. The purpose of the study was to investigate the true effects children
have on listening to music compared to a designed task given along with listening to music.
This study used an active and a passive listening activity in which was observed and a
specific time was recorded. The active aspect was designed by giving the children a visual
and written instruction to do while listening to music. The passive or free part of this activity
focused on the children’s ability to listen to music on their own and to use whatever time they
desired.
The study also indicated it used a laboratory setting environment and a free-choice
activity time at their preschool classroom. Their results were calculated and their conclusions
was the children did not listen longer to the active part of the study but the children
demonstrated more involvement on their own with the free time given to them which was the
passive part of the study. They did investigate the children as individuals and focused also on
their home and other environmental factors in which they had experienced music as part of
their life. For example, the study suggested the children may have been nurtured with music
at home or school experiences apart of this study.
Preschool Music Education 2
what is the problem being
addressed which solution/
outcomes is proposed. Talk about
the articles limitation and/or
findings if it is presented in the
article
Personal Reaction:
There were not many research articles on this topic of music and children. This was the only
one of the six that caught my attention and which sums up very important points about music
and it’s affect in a child’s life. I was interested in the fact the article was making a few valid
points about the topic of music with this specific research. One statement notes is “young
children need to learn to listen to music with attention and understanding to meet the
prekindergarten National Standards for Music Education as preparation for meeting the K-4
standards.” I was impressed the school of music had this statement on which shows there are
criteria that demonstrate there is a need for music in a child’s life.
This study has shown that if music is introduced to children in an interesting and
exciting way, they will be drawn to music and are willing to listen and to explore it on their
own. Also, there are some minor details about music that was required by them to do. There
was one group that did portray no interest in the music activities. The study suggests that
teachers should develop this ability on their own but with some stimulating help.
The study does suggest it would be important to incorporate music in a preschool
classroom during these prekindergarten years. They also recommend and encourage
educators to incorporate free time listening as a goal for early childhood development. They
also propose and advise the free listening time may help and increase duration for those
children who have shown a short duration listening time. This study has encompass some
significant ideals and imply music can bring new attitudes and skills that are important and
rapidly developing in children during these preschool ages and how music can play an
important role for children at the current age and for their future.
Preschool Music Education 3
(1/2 to 1 page focusing on
your own examples such as; tell
me what your opinion of the
article whether you agreed or
disagreed and/or both. Also, be
able to support your answer with
the information covered in class
or your own personal
experiences). Some STARTER
SENTENCES to aid you in the
write progress.
✓ I agree…
✓ In addition, I agree …
✓ I disagree …
✓ Furthermore, I disagree
because…
✓ I learned …
✓ I would like to know more
about…
✓ This is different from
what I had thought
because…
✓ I did not know …
✓ For example, …
✓ In the first place, …
✓ In conclusion, …
Application:
My daughter has been listening to a variety of music ever since she was in my womb. Music
and especially classical music is a part of my everyday life. Ariana has been listening in the
car, at home, in church, as I sing in the church worship team and any event that involves
music. I sang in the church worship team up until the day before giving birth to her. So she
has been musically inclined for all her life.
This study is true for my life and for Ariana’s life. Her favorite music is the Handel’s
Messiah. When she was about six months old, she began to scream, yell and point to the
cassette player in the car. We could not make out what she was mumbling but she kept
saying something like “fiy.” So her dad just put in the cassette and she did not stop yelling
until we found what she wanted and it was the song, “And He Shall Purify.” Then she began
to sing in her own baby words with the music.
I dance and dramatize with her with music that has lyrics and other instrumental
pieces. She has been in kindermusik classes since eight months old. Baby Einstein has been
in her routine since about three months of age. I am also happy her school offers music along
with her classes as a part of her curriculum. She is surrounded by music.
I love musicals and I am fortunate that Ariana has begun to love them too. She
already knows about Gene Kelly since the age of two. She likes the Sound of Music and
West Side Story. I have taken her to Millennium Park for the evening concerts. She
surprised me and the people around us when she picked out a Strauss piece of music and
related it to The American in Paris musical with Gene Kelly and only about one minute into
the piece.
Music is an important aspect in everyone’s life, especially if introduced at an early
age. Their attitudes and attention span does change and grow stronger due to music
Preschool Music Education 4
(1 to 2 page (applying the
concepts to the real world) is the
most important part! You may
select a particular portion of the
article on which to focus for your
personal reaction.) Tell me how
what you read in the article be
applied to your professional and/
or personal life and/or is already
being applied to your. Explain in
detail.
capabilities. Music is a complex and complicated art form. If children learn to appreciate
music, they will have a good advantage in life from the beginning and for their future, just as
the article states and suggests.
Preschool Music Education 5
Citations
Sims, Wendy L. (2005). Effects of Free verses Directed Listening on Duration of Individual
Music Listening by Prekindergarten Children. Journal of Research in Music
Education. 53, 78-86.
Preschool Music Education 6