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| Styx Review | January 23, 2013 | Confidential – Internal Only

FROM THE PS/2 TO THE SMARTPHONE, A PERSPECTIVE OF THE COMPUTING REVOLUTION FROM THE TRENCHES

Sam Huynh

Principal Member of Technical Staff

November 16, 2017

Agenda

  • Who am I?
  • Introduction to AMD
  • My role inside AMD
  • From the PS/2 to the smartphone, a perspective of the computing revolution from the trenches
  • Q and A

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Who am I?

  • Born in Saigon (now known as Ho Chi Minh City), Vietnam at the end of the Vietnam War.
  • Family immigrated to Seattle, Washington after the Vietnam War
  • Grew up in Seattle and eventually attended the University of Washington
  • BSEE ’94, MSEE ‘96 and Ph.D. EE ’99
  • Relocated to Mountain View, CA in ‘98 and now live in Santa Cruz, CA
  • Three patents (ATI/AMD)
  • Dynamic impedance compensation circuit and method
  • Bit deskewing IO method and system
  • Methods and apparatus for transmitting and receiving data signals

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Career Journey

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Cascade

Design

Automation

Introduction to AMD

  • Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), Inc was founded on May 1, 1969 and is based in Sunnyvale, CA.
  • The company designs, develops, and sells microprocessor products, such as central processing units (CPU), accelerated processing units (APU), and graphics processing units (GPU) for servers, desktop PCs, and mobile devices.
  • Its microprocessors for server platforms include AMD Opteron 6000, 4000, and 3000 series processors;
  • APUs for mobile PC platforms consist of performance mainstream AMD A-Series APU, the AMD E-Series APU for everyday performance, the AMD C-Series APU for HD Internet experiences in small form factors, and the AMD Z-Series APU for Windows-based tablets;
  • CPUs for mobile PC platforms comprise the AMD Phenom II mobile processor, AMD Turion X2 mobile processor, AMD Turion II mobile processor, AMD Turion II ultra mobile processor, and AMD Athlon II processor.
  • Discreet graphics solutions include Radeon and Radeon HD series
  • AMD controller hub-based chipsets for its APUs; and graphics, video, and multimedia products for use in desktop and notebook computers

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World wide locations

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Sunnyvale, CA

Austin, TX

Orlando, FL

Toronto, Ontario

Boston, MA

Beijing, China

Shanghai, China

Bangalore, India

Hydrabad, India

9 major

design

centers

world wide

Approximately

10,000 employees

World wide

About AMD

  • The AMD mission: To be the leading designer and integrator of innovative, tailored technology solutions that empower people to push the boundaries of what is possible
  • Operations in 31 countries with more than 50 locations, including more than a dozen R&D facilities, nearly two dozen international sales offices, and assembly/test manufacturing facilities in Malaysia and China
  • Fortune 500 company
  • 2014 revenues of $5.51 billion
  • Main competitors:

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AMD and YOU

  • Great brands join with AMD to bring their products to life
  • Technology providers you know and trust, such as Acer, Apple, Asus, Cisco, Dell, GE, HP, Lenovo, Microsoft, Nintendo, Samsung, Sapphire, Sony, Toshiba, Vizio, and XFX.
  • These leading brands count on AMD to find innovative ways to power the solutions they create for the different ways you work and play with technology in your every day life.
  • Named Top 100 best corporate citizens of 2013 by the Corporate Responsibility (CR) Magazine
  • Innovation and technology are what we do, but responsibility is who we are.
  • AMD was founded on the belief that if you put people first, products and profits will follow.
  • Today we call this culture The AMD Way.
  • It means doing business in a responsible way, caring for the environment and contributing to our communities.

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AMD Time line (1969 – 2010)

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AMD Founded

5/1/1969

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

ATI acquires

ArtX in 2000

AMD acquires

ATI in 2006

AMD signs on

as second source

for x86 in 1982

AMD introduced

K5; split with Intel

in 1996

Athlon 64

Introduced in

2003

ATI Founded

In 1985

ATI introduced

Radeon in 2000

GameCube

In 2001

Wii in

2006

Xbox 360

in 2005

AMD was founded in

1969 by a group of former

executives from Fairchild

Semiconductors.

AMD became a fabless semiconductor

company in 2009 with the spin off of foundry

operations to become Global Foundries.

Dual core 2005

AMD Time line (2010 – Present)

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2010

2015

AMD introduce

APUs in 2011

Wii U in

2012

AMD Seattle

64 bit ARM sever

in 2014

Xbox one/PS4

in 2013

Carrizo introduced in 2015

Radeon

HD8000

In 2013

Radeon Fury X

In 2015

2016

2017

Polaris line

June, 2016

Launched in early 2017

Epyc launched in mid 2017

Vega GPU Q3 2017

2018

My role inside AMD

  • Responsible for developing methodologies using next generation technologies (7nm)
  • Our main mission:
  • Convert source code into an actual silicon chip
  • This process is known as RTL-to-GDS
  • Register Transfer Level (RTL) is a form of verilog used to describe the chip’s functionality
  • Graphic Database System (GDS) is the geometrical information released to foundries for silicon manufacturing
  • Work with teams in Austin, Boston, Toronto, and India
  • Create synergies for cross functional teams and inter disciplines
  • Work with flex time
  • Cycles (CES, E3, back to school, and Christmas)

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RTL-to-GDS

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Input: RTL

Synthesis

DRC/LVS

Floorplanning

Place and Route

Timing closure

Output: GDS

to the foundry

Converts high

level description

language into

physical gates

Organizes blocks

based on timing

and connectivity

Makes the physical

connections

Design Rule Check (DRC)

Layout Versus Schematic (LVS)

Meets frequency

specs

FROM THE PS/2 TO THE SMARTPHONE, A PERSPECTIVE OF THE COMPUTING REVOLUTION FROM THE TRENCHES

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How did we get from…

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$3000 ($6658.79 in 2017 dollars) in

1987 with university student

discount

~$600 with 2 year commitment

(in 2017)

This is how…

  • Demand: Performance, Power, and Price
  • Globalization
  • Foundry/circuit technology
  • Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools

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Performance, Power and Price

  • Performance
  • Clock frequency
  • IPC (Instructions Per Cycle)
  • Power
  • Maintain a certain level of performance but reduce power consumption
  • Battery life
  • Price
  • Lower and keeps getting lower
  • More features

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Globalization

  • How do we improve performance, reduce power, lower cost/price and still make money?
  • Performance and power  foundry/circuit tech
  • Increase market size  expand world wide specifically China, India, Brazil, etc…
  • Intellectual competition especially Taiwan, China and India
  • TSMC is the world’s largest independent semiconductor foundry (founded in 1987)
  • Effective “24 hour” operation

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Foundry/Circuit technology

  • Foundry technology
  • Bipolar junction transistors (BJT)  Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)
  • Feature size: 3um (3000nm)  7nm
  • Approximately 428x reduction in approximately 35 years
  • Circuit technology
  • Serial links
  • ISA  EISA  PCI, AGP USB, PCIE, and SATA
  • Main Memory

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BJT versus CMOS

  • Advantages of CMOS over BJT
  • CMOS is a better switch
  • Effective zero static power consumption
  • High packing densities
  • Relative easy design, integration and manufacturing process

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Radeon from 2000 - 2017

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8086 - APUs

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Year Technology Voltage Bus width Freq.
8086 1976 3000nm > 5V 16 bits 5MHz – 10MHz
286 1984 1500nm 5V 16 bits 8MHz – 20MHz
368 1991 1500nm - 800nm 5V 32 bits 20MHz – 40MHz
486 1993 500nm 3.3V – 5V 32 bits 25MHz – 100MHz
5x86 1995 350nm 3.3V – 3.45V 32 bits 133MHz – 150MHz
K6 1997 350nm 2.9V – 3.3V 32 bits 166MHz – 300MHz
Athlon 1999 250nm – 130nm 1.6V – 1.8V 32 bits 500MHz – 2.33GHz
Athlon64 (first dual core) 2003 130nm – 65nm 1.3V – 1.5V 64 bits 1GHz – 3.2GHz
Phenom (2 – 6 cores) 2007 65nm – 45nm 1.2V 64 bits 2GHz – 3.8GHz
APU (2 – 8 cores with GPU) 2011 32nm 1.2V 64 bits 3GHz – 5GHz
Ryzen (4 – 16 cores) 2017 14nm 1.1V 64 bits 3GHz – 5GHz

APUs

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Age of Parallel Computing

  • SISD = Single Instruction Single Data
  • 8086 – 486
  • SIMD = Single Instruction Multiple Data
  • Graphics Processing Units (GPU) – Radeon
  • MISD = Multiple Instruction Single Data
  • No personal experience with this architecture
  • MIMD = Multiple Instruction Multiple Data
  • Multi-core CPU (Athlon, Phemon, Ryzen, etc…)
  • APU = Accelerated Processing Unit
  • Mulit-core CPU + GPU (MIMD + SIMD)

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Parallel versus Serial links

  • Parallel link transmits several streams of data simultaneously along multiple channels (wires, etc…)
  • Pros: Easier to design
  • Cons: More pins (more area), limited data rate
  • Serial link transmits a single stream of data
  • Pros: Fewer pins (less area), higher data rate
  • Cons: Design complexity

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BUS interfaces (1981 – now)

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Style Bus Width Bit rate
ISA Parallel 8 or 16 8/16/32 Mbytes/s Industry Standard Architecture
EISA Parallel 32 33 Mbytes/s Extended ISA
VLB Parallel 32 100/133/166/200 Mbytes/s Video Electronics Standards Association local bus
PCI Parallel 32 or 64 133/266/533 Mbytes/s Peripheral Component Interconnect
AGP Parallel 32 2133 Mbytes/s Accelerated Graphics Port
ATA Parallel 16 16/33/66/100/133 Mbytes/s PC/AT Attachment
USB Serial 1 1.5/12/480/5000/10000 Mbits/s Universal Serial Bus
PCIe Serial 1 250/500/985/1969 Mbytes/s PCI express
SATA Serial 1 1.5/3.0/6.0 Gbits/s Serial ATA

DRAMs (Dynamic random access memory)

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HBM 2016 Peak bandwidth = 128GBps

DRAM density

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High Bandwidth Memory

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AMD Polaris with HBM

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Today’s tools to build tomorrow’s technologies

  • Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools
  • Cadence (Virtuoso), Synopsys (PrimeTime), Mentor Graphics (Calibre), etc…
  • Linux (approximately 2003 to present)
  • Enabled cheap PCs (~$2K) to replace specialized expensive servers (~$20K)
  • Get a lot more compute for the same price
  • Multi-threading (approximately 2007 to present)
  • Took advantage of multiple cores

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All that leads to this…

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CPU

Northbridge

Southbridge

AGP

Single core

ATA

1994

$2000 ($3376.46 in 2017 dollars)

2017

(< $250 laptop)

SDR DRAM

KB

M

USB

SATA

PCIe

PCI

VLB

Network

DDR DRAM

KB

M

other

SB

Graphics

NB

CPU

(2 - 8 cores)

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1994

2000

2006

2013

2013

2012

2006

2001

1996

1991

1985

2005

2001

The Revolution continues…

  • Mobility/Density  Lower Power Consumption
  • Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) versus Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC)
  • RISC (Alpha, ARM, PowerPC, SPARC)
  • CISC (x86, Motorola 68K)
  • Clock gating/Power gating – stopping the clock/turning off the power when idling
  • Foundry Technology – reduce static leakage

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Conclusion

  • The Revolution continues
  • Companies that can adapt and evolve continues to survive (AMD)
  • Because you demand more performance, less power, lower prices
  • The electronics industry responds with innovations in technology
  • And AMD puts it all together and brings those products to you.

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Q & A

  • Open forum – questions and answers

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