Dissertation
EDU731-1: Dissertation
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APA Guide
ΑPA: Examples of citations in in-text references and reference list
Referencing sources
Do not cite a source that you have not used in your main text.
Remember to cite an in-text source in your reference list.
In-text sources - paraphrasing
While Wolverton et al. (2005) used their research to explore the needs of academic
department chairs; their comments could just as easily reflect the needs of those who lead
academic programs within departments.
In-text sources – direct quotes
Short quotations (less than 40 words) should be put in double quotation marks and
included in the body of the text. The surname of the author/authors, year of
publication and page numbers need to be included as well.
As Knight and Trowler suggest (2000, p. 69), “the ways in which academic staff (faculty)
experience their work often inhibit them from taking up what the research consensus
suggests are ways to be better teachers”.
Or
It has be noted that “the ways in which academic staff (faculty) experience their work often
inhibit them from taking up what the research consensus suggests are ways to be better
teachers” (Knight and Trowler ,2000, p. 69).
EDU731-1: Dissertation
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Long quotation of 40 or more words should be indented from the main text as a
separated paragraph. Quotation marks are not required. Double space needs to be
used for the quote. As with shorter quotes the surname of the author/authors, year of
publication and page numbers need to be included.
As he puts it, heads of department and department chairs “are not the only leaders in
university departments”:
One of the problems with the literature ... is that, at least implicitly, it associates
significant leadership of university departments with individuals who are at least
formally in charge of them. It is well known that university departments contain a
variety of formal roles in which there is an expectation of leadership, such as course
directors, directors of research, chairs of important committees, such as teaching and
learning committees, and so on. These roles are sometimes uncovered by researchers
concerned with departmental leadership in universities, but they are rarely considered
in relation to the issue of departmental leadership effectiveness (Bryman, 2007, p. 705).
Reference list
1. Authors name : surname, initial character of his/her first name
2. Put the authors using the order presented in the book or the article
3. Use punctuation mark (comma) to distinguish the authors and use & before the last
author
4. Books - use the year of copyright.
5. Article – date of publication – month
6. Book’s or article’s name – use the capital character for the first letter of the first word
7. Put your references sources in an alphabetical order (and not in a numbered or bullet
point list)
8. If you cite two sources with the same author, ordering using the year of publication.
The most recent source has to be cited at the end of the list.
EDU731-1: Dissertation
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Articles
Journal Article: Author, year of publication, title of article, names of journal (written in italics),
volume, volume (issue - in brackets), pages
Marmor, G. S. (1977). Mental rotation and number conservation: Are they related?
Developmental Psychology, 13(4), 320-330
Books
Book’s chapter: Author, year of publication, chapter title, names of Editors (Ed), name of book
(written in italics), pages, place of publication and publisher
Jones, K. (2002), Issues in the teaching and learning of geometry. In Linda Haggarty (Ed),
Aspects of Teaching Secondary Mathematics, 121-139. London:RoutledgeFalmer
Internet Sources
Online Journal: Author, year of publication, article title, journal title (written in italics), issue,
pages, month and day that it was retrieved and the internet’s source.
Duval, R. (1999). Representation, vision and visualization: Cognitive functions in
mathematical thinking. Basic Issues for learning. Retrieved on 15 April 2013 from ERIC
ED 466 379
Internet source: Author, year , source’s title, Retrieved, month and source
**Please study the APA Guide **
Title of article Author Year
Name of journal Volume (Issue)
Pages