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iAnnotated Bibliography

An annotated bibliography is a list of sources on a specific topic that includes a summary of each source and an evaluation & reflection. Now that you have chosen sources that explore your arguable issue topic on opposite sides, it's time to put them in an annotated bibliography.

Your annotated Bibliography must include annotations for at least 2 sources representing the two main perspectives on your issue, such as against/for, pro/con, or advantages/disadvantages. There also needs to be 2 visual sources without annotation but a caption instead. This is the same as your discussion board 3.

The list should be compiled in alphabetical order using the appropriate citation style—in this case, Modern Language Association (MLA) 8th edition style. View the sample annotated Bibliography below.

Your annotation for each source should consist of two or three paragraphs. The average annotation is about 1.5 pages per source. These are college-level paragraphs you are writing.

Paragraph one: In your first paragraph, summarize the source's content to demonstrate you have read the source and understood its content. If the source is an argument, instead of a purely informational or informative text, identify its main claim and supporting reasons. You do not insert or comment with any bias on the piece's content in this paragraph. Keep this paragraph strictly as a factual summary. Remember to start with a variety of topic sentences.

Paragraph two: Evaluation is the paragraph after a summary. How do you evaluate a source? Evaluate in the second paragraph by answering the following questions where applicable. You will have to google some of the information:

1. What kind of source is it, e.g., a book, journal article, magazine article, newspaper article, encyclopedia entry, database summary article, website?

2. What is the piece's genre, e.g., a news report, an editorial, a report of scientific research, a summary of a number of sources? What is the purpose of the text?

3. Who is/are the author/authors? What are the author's credentials? How does the author establish their authority to speak on this subject? Consider the credibility of the publication venue AND the author, so is it reliable? Is this source biased or objective?

4. Who is the intended audience? Consider where the text is published, the degree of specialized knowledge needed to understand the text, how objective or argumentative the text is.

5. When was the text published? How does the publication date affect the relevance and usefulness of

the source?

Paragraph three:

After evaluating the source in the second paragraph, it's time to reflect on the third paragraph. There is a considerable difference between Reflection vs. Evaluation. Once you've summarized and evaluated a source (2nd paragraph), you need to ask how does the source fit into your arguable issue:

How does the source help shape the issue? Did it change how you think about your topic? Will you use the source for background information, and what information specifically do you think you will use? Will you use the source for evidence to support a side, and if so, what evidence? If the source is an argument, will you position it as an ally or an opponent, and why? Feel free to comment or react personally to the piece here. This paragraph is also the space to have open-ended comments on the source.

Evaluation Criteria/Rubric Final Draft:

• Includes annotations of at least two sources relevant to the research topic

• Includes two visuals with citations • Documents each source using MLA citation, and the entire paper is in

the correct format. (12pt font, Times New Roman, Double Space, alpha order, hanging line, etc.)

• Identifies and/or analyzes source type and genre, author and publication credentials, intended audience, and publication date

• Provides a summary that identifies the main claim/supporting points and indicates a thorough understanding of the source.

• Reflects on how the source was used will be used. Language is college level and overall has a strong, high academic voice.

See the student example below

Student Name

Professor Montoya

ENGL 1302-XXXX (insert your section #)

Due Date (spell out the month, no – or /)

Annotated Bibliography: Marijuana

Chu, Yu-Wei Luke. "Do Medical Marijuana Laws Increase Hard-Drug Use?" The Journal

of Law & Economics, vol. 58, no. 2, 2015, pp. 481–517. JSTOR,

www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/684043.

Yu-Wei Chu's article illuminates a reasonable bias argument that currently exists and

why there is skepticism in many people: Marijuana is a gateway drug to harder drugs such as

cocaine and heroin. Testing any controlled illegal drug on humans is unlawful because of ethical

reasons. The outcome is unpredictable and can have catastrophic effects on a human. Therefore,

the substances are tested on animals but cannot have any conclusive links establishing the effects

they could cause a human. The effects on humans could be very different from the effects on

animals. Chu fights the acceptance of Congress legalizing Marijuana for medical purposes,

starting with the legal use of Marijuana, the illegal use of it also increases. Perhaps an individual

can obtain this drug more quickly with legalization, lowering people's stigma but not informing

them of the long-term harms of smoking it. With lobbying groups at the forefront of pressuring

legislators into passing laws to legalize Marijuana, they think with the help of Colorado and

Washington, the first states to legalize Marijuana, many others will follow. Chu brings to light

the increase in arrests for possession of Marijuana, higher crime rates with associated people, and

the dependence on the drug. Chu explains once an individual does not feel the effects of

Marijuana as much, they will move onto a more problematic substance with more addictive

qualities. This gives the reasoning for agencies like the FDA and the Office of National Drug

Control Policy's opposition to legalization. Chu expresses his concern in this article that if the

laws of Marijuana make it acceptable for an illegal substance to become legal, they will do the

same with others.

This particular source is part of a dissertation written by Yu-Wei Chu, who is well versed

and has done extensive studies to get his Ph.D. He uses an abundance of references to back his

claims and knowledge on the topic of Marijuana. Each reference is knowledgeable in the studies

of Marijuana's medical purposes, drug use, and its laws. Chu's dissertation was published by the

University of Chicago Press, The Booth School of Business, University of Chicago and The

University of Chicago Law School. I retrieved the article from The Journal of Law & Economic

Vol.58, No.2, published in May 2015. It is a recent case study and giving it relevance to today.

Yu-Wei Chu helped me add the perspective of an opposing argument against Marijuana.

The charts presented to explain his argument in understanding the harms and skepticism of

illegal drugs. He shows the progressive way that Marijuana is being accepted or pressured to be

accepted by lobbying groups and their influences on states. A chart is depicted with all the states

that have decriminalized Marijuana, believing they can control the distribution of the Scheduled

one drug with laws. Thanks to Yu-Wei Chu's help, I now know the topic and understanding of

political and state legislative laws for my forthcoming paper. The graphs in the dissertation also

help support the claim that the lack of research cannot directly link Marijuana to the use of other

illicit drugs, and I could use this as one of the visuals.

"Demographics and Death Reshape Views on Marijuana." Marijuana: A Short History, by

John Hudak, Brookings Institution Press, Washington, D.C., 2016, pp. 87–98.

JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.7864/j.ctt1hfr1qj.11

John Hudak's book Marijuana: A Short History is a book that discusses all things related

to Marijuana. The chapter "Demographics and Death Reshape Views on Marijuana" speaks on

the trend of the marijuana legalization debate over the course of the last century along with the

beliefs related to political parties. Hudak referenced national surveys that spanned generationally

all the way back to the beginning of the 1900s. Back then, very few people believed Marijuana

should be legalized nor did many people even want to try it. It was actually used medicinally in

those times but very few people knew that. He goes on to explain very few people wanted to use

it recreationally and due to regulation and tax increases, it was banned from being able to be

prescribed (p 88). Each generation was becoming more open to legalization or decriminalization

until the War on Drugs took off in the 70's and 80's, as politicians used scare tactics and fear

mongering to categorize all illegal drugs as being equally as dangerous. This led to a dip in the

push for legalization but has increased over the past several decades. National polls and surveys

taken after 2000, show a majority want to legalize or decriminalize. These numbers are even

higher when it comes to medical marijuana legalization. Hudak's expressed an obvious difference

on this issue when it came to polls amongst Republicans, Democrats and Independents. Most

Republicans are still very much against the legalization of Marijuana, including medical

Marijuana; they still hold onto the words of Reagan, Nixon and Bush Sr claiming drugs are bad

and evil. However, Democrats and Independents show about the same numbers in polls in their

stance that there should be some sort of marijuana reform.

John Hudak is one of the directors for the Center for Effective Public Management. He is

well versed and has written on sociological issues when it comes to state marijuana policy along

with political areas such as elections, executive-legislative interactions and presidential power.

An excerpt from his book was very clear and easy to understand along with not showing any

political or personal bias. Hudak cites many different polls and surveys supporting his

information. The book came out in 2016 and has fairly recent information intertwined with old

information making it relevant in today's society. This is a neutral source.

This reading helps show how marijuana legalization has changed over the past several

decades. Currently, people are more open to the idea of decriminalization than ever before.

People today understand there are health benefits when it comes to treating diseases and

managing pain. No one argues it is a drug that cannot be abused, but instead, some argue tobacco

and alcohol hold more of a health risk to themselves and other people. That is where there is a

tense debate between many people and legislative bodies. Republicans, conservatives, and older

people still have a mindset to have this "war on drugs", while many progressives feel this may be

a waste of criminal justice resources. Legislatures believe marijuana reform could lead to

decriminalization or legalization of other harder drugs; but this is not the case. Hudak quotes in

the chapter, "public perception in the United States is that marijuana policies – and only

marijuana policies- are in need of reform" (p 97). His book backed this statement up by

referencing a poll conducted in 2014, which asked people if there should be law reform for

numerous different drugs. 51% supported legalization of Marijuana while other illegal drugs

such as cocaine and heroin had support of only 10% of people (p 96). With this information, one

could argue that legalization of Marijuana may not even lead to other drug use more than it

already has.

"Marijuana." Gale Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, Gale, 2019. Gale In Context:

Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/RLKKYP830841336/OVIC?u=txshr

acd2500&sid=bookmark-OVIC&xid=c04b5916. Accessed 14 May 2022.

A new marijuana dispensary is being built now that the drug has been legalized. However,

people in a prison across the street remain incarcerated for selling marijuana before the law

changed.

Richter, Felix. "What Americans Think About Medical Cannabis." Statista, Statista Inc.,

26 Aug 2021, https://www-statista-com.dcccd.idm.oclc.org/chart/25638/opinions-on-

medical-cannabis-in-the-us/

This chart shows public opinions on the use of medical cannabis/CBD.