The History of Sports Protest
Vereen. The History of Protest in Sports 2
Brown, D. L. (2018, June 16). 'Shoot them for what?' How Muhammad Ali won his greatest fight. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/06/15/shoot-them-for-what-how-muhammad-ali-won-his-greatest-fight/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.c5063c94ae38
This article tells you why Muhammad Ali did not fight Vietnam War and how he was one of the first protestors to go against the war and begin the anti-Vietnam movement. The Vietnam War was raging, American soldiers were dying by the hundreds, protesters were burning draft cards and conscientious objectors were fleeing to Canada. Ali had no intention of fleeing to Canada, but he also had no intention of serving in the Army. One famous quote Ali said to why he would not join the fight is “My conscience won’t let me go shoot my brother, or some darker people, or some poor hungry people in the mud for big powerful America,” he had explained two years earlier. “And shoot them for what? They never called me nigger, they never lynched me, they didn’t put no dogs on me, they didn’t rob me of my nationality, rape and kill my mother and father. … Shoot them for what? How can I shoot them poor people? Just take me to jail.” Ali suffered greatly during his time of protest but ultimately this protest proved to be bigger than any fight he has ever had.
Chapter 11: Boycott: the Olympics of 1980 and 1984. (2001). In Australian Women at the Olympic Games (pp. 127–137). Retrieved from http://ezproxy.newberry.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=44641432&site=ehost-live
The chapter focuses on the boycotts during the 1980 and 1984 Olympics. It recalls that U.S. President Jimmy Carter called for its allies to boycott the 1980 Games in Moscow, Russia in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979. It also discusses the performance of the Australian women athletes in the 1980 Games amidst the U.S. boycott in which swimmer Michelle Ford took the gold medal in 800 meter freestyle event.
Combeau-Mari, E. (2011). Sports and politics, 1945-present. In A. J. Andrea, World history encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.newberry.edu/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/abccliow/sports_and_politics_1945_present/0?institutionId=4360
This is a reference from the encyclopedia that tells us how people have been using sports and politics cohesively from 1945-present. Through induced identification mechanisms, sports competitions and spectacles tend to bind the popular masses to the nation. By promoting and controlling sport, totalitarian states conveyed the image of a strong nation and assured their popularity thanks to sporting propaganda. The Italian victory at the 1934 soccer World Cup became Benito Mussolini's and the regime he led. The Berlin Olympics, lavishly organized by Germany in 1936, demonstrated Adolf Hitler's power on the international scene. Communist regimes from Stalin to Mao Zedong have made systematic use of sport to grandstand and showcase their regimes.
History of Civil Rights Protests in Sports. (2017, November 01). Retrieved from https://www.sportsmanagementdegreehub.com/history-civil-rights-protests-sports/
This website provides me with the some of the top civil rights protest in history. From Jesse Owens’ four gold medals in the Nazi-hosted 1936 Olympics in Berlin to Jackie Robinson entering baseball, even the presence of black athletes in major sports became a protest in itself. This website even touches on the most recent and most controversial protest in modern time. That is the kneeling of Colin Kaepernick during the national anthem.
Lozano, P. (2010, May 10). Phoenix 'Los Suns' protest drives sweep over Spurs. Retrieved from https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/phoenix-los-suns-protest-drives-sweep-over-spurs/
This is an article about hoe the Phoenix Suns owner Robert Sarver protested against Arizona’s new anti-immigrant law. the Suns decided to wear “Los Suns” (“The Suns” in Spanish) on their jerseys in Game 2 against the Spurs on May 5 as way to protest the draconian measure. The Suns went on to beat the Spurs 110-102 in Game 2. Suns owner Robert Sarver with unanimous support from the players said the team wore the jerseys on Cinco De Mayo “to honor our Latino community and the diversity of our league, the state of Arizona, and our nation.” The team wore the jerseys to honor the Mexican holiday, widely celebrated in the U.S., and to reflect their belief that signing the Arizona law was not the right way to handle the problem of immigration, said Sarver.
Rosner, S., & Low, D. (2009). The Efficacy of Olympic Bans and Boycotts on Effectuating International Political and Economic Change. Texas Review of Entertainment & Sports Law, 11(1), 27–79. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.newberry.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=47566987&site=ehost-live
The Olympics have been linked to politics since their revival in 1896. There are many ways that the Olympic Games can and have been used as a venue for political action. This article provides me an observation of the boycotts of the Olympic in 1976, 1980, and 1984, and the International Olympic Committee's bans of South Africa, Iraq, and Afghanistan. The primary purpose of the IOC is ensuring the continued spread of the Olympic ideals of peace and harmony by means of sport. Reasons that Olympic Games are an attractive venue are cited. Also discussed are the cost-benefit analysis of participating compared with not participating in the Games.
Smith, G., Chadiha, J., King, P., Layden, T., Murphy, A., McGirk, T., … Yusufzai, R. (2004). Code of Honor. Sports Illustrated, 100(18), 40–46. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.newberry.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=12944979&site=ehost-live
This article profiles the life of football player and United States soldier, Pat Tillman. The man saw and heard things, back in the States where he was wealthy and a Sunday star and back when he lay on pillows in $200-a-night hotel rooms on the eve of pretend wars surrounded by cheerleaders and screaming fans and breathless 26-year-old reporters. Pat Tillman then realized he had a duty to fulfil and he found himself in thick-wooded Afghanistan mountains that crawled with al-Qaeda and Taliban fighters traveling in packs of four and five dozen. Pat Tillman had left Fort Lewis, Wash., three weeks before and joined Mountain Storm with his 26-year-old brother, Kevin, two Rangers assigned to separate units but near enough, a few times a week, to look into each other's eyes. U.S. warplanes acting on faulty intelligence had taken out a convoy of cars carrying several of Spera's revered tribal leaders. Shepherds of the Zadran tribe were tipping off Islamic insurgents on the whereabouts of Special Ops patrols so the Americans too would know the taste of blindside death.
Top Ten History: Sports Protests. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://origins.osu.edu/connecting-history/top-ten-origins-sports-protests
This article provides me with the origins of protest in sports giving me protest from several different sports for many different reasons. Over the last year or so, the world of sport in the United States has focused on the phenomenon of pregame protests by professional athletes, sparked by the decision of former San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick to kneel for the national anthem during the 2016 season. That gesture, which has now spread throughout the NFL and to other sports, is by not the first time athletes have used the field or court to voice political opinions.