Research Methods
Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Research Proposal Annotated Bibliography
Name
1. Ouimette, P., & Read, J. P. (2014). Trauma and substance abuse: Causes, consequences, and
treatment of comorbid disorders. Retreieved from: https://www.treatment-innovations.org/uploads/2/5/5/5/25555853/2017_sud_and_trauma_apa_handbook.pdf
This book provides research on the epidemiology and nature together with the meaning of comorbidity which exists between the trauma and the posttraumatic stress disorders. It explains that the changes in the political and the social climate in the united states have led to the new emergence of challenges. This is because the changes in both the PTSD as well as substance abuse is perceived to have been involved with the diagnosis and the treatment of individuals with these issues. The main goal of this newly revised volume entails special settings which include the court systems as well as disasters which the clarification of issues which are specific to the trauma, PSTD and the substance abuse. The book also provides specific recommendations for the clinicians, the administrators and most importantly to the researchers.
This book has a first and second edition that is spanned over two decades worth of research and reflects the updated the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-V). This article also describes the addictive behaviors following a disaster. For example, the findings showed that 9.1 percent of the sample group increased their smoking habits after the 2011 terrorist attack. The book has several studies that researched the smoking habits, assault/domestic violence, and treatment modalities of veterans and public service officers. It has concluded in the growth and articulation of the self-medication hypothesis. The chief inference of the self-medication hypothesis is that in the mainstream of cases anguish leads to SUDs and not vice versa.
2. Forbes, M. K., Flanagan, J. C., Barrett, E. L., Crome, E., Baillie, A. J., Mills, K. L., &
Teesson, M. (2015). Smoking, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Alcohol Use Disorders in a Nationally Representative Sample of Australian Men and Women. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 156, 176–183. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.007
The source highlights various issues such as smoking, PTSD as well as the alcohol use disorders which have high rates of comorbidity. The exposure extended precede the day to day habits of smoking and the problems of alcohol. The book clearly provides a PTSD and alcohol background which in most cases occur with the smoking and tobacco. The book further highlights the consequences of each of these disorders and the impairment independently. The study as well provides an examination of the prevalence correlation and the impact of the co-occurring daily. Notably, the source clearly explains the negative impacts of the substance abuse on the mental as well as physical health and functioning. The source is very helpful as it highlights the importance of identification and elimination of the patterns of co-occurrence potentially by application of interventions.
The 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (2007 NSMHWB) was a countrywide characteristic study of 8841 Australians. The examination measured for 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders; the time of life that individuals first began smoking daily, experienced a distressing incident, or established difficulties with alcohol; and self-reported mental and physical health and damage.
3. Institute of Medicine. 2012. Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military and
Veteran Populations: Initial Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/13364.
The book explains about the military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan which were characterized by the injuries and various infectious diseases. Such happenings are depicted to have caused various emotional impacts on the soldiers who were affected. In addition, the book explains various symptoms of these disorders. The Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military and Veteran Populations also reports that some of the programs which have been put in place to prevent and diagnose and most importantly treat some of these disorders. It also offers choices for rehabilitating those who have PSTD and encouraging further research which can be beneficial when it comes to improvement of the PSTD care.
An analysis of 23 studies found small but significant effect sizes of a relationship between PTSD and prior adjustment problems, including mental health treatment; pre-trauma emotional problems, anxiety, or affective disorders; and, in particular, depression. The committee was asked by Congress to consider the efforts of the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to screen, diagnose, treat, and rehabilitate service members and veterans who have PTSD. The number of service members and veterans of all eras who have symptoms of PTSD is immense; of the 2.6 million service members who have been deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan alone since October 2001, about 13% to 20% are expected to develop PTSD.
4. Wiederhold, B. K., & IOS Press. (2013). New Tools to Enhance Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Diagnosis and Treatment: Invisible Wounds of War. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=QYPCAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA148&lpg=PA148&dq=NATO+Advanced+Study+Institute+on+Invisible+Wounds:+New+Tools+on+Enhance+Posttraumatic+Stress+Disorder+Diagnosis+and+Treatment,+In+Wiederhold,+B.+K.,+%26+IOS+Press.+(2013).+New+Tools+to+Enhance+Posttraumatic+Stress+Disorder+Diagnosis+and+Treatment:+Invisible+Wounds+of+War.&source=bl&ots=E7Dx8HCfTv&sig=Ik09SEBmWYMsovC4I6Of-i8NTEI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiS1PHx1b3aAhVlUN8KHZmVAt4Q6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q&f=false
The sources offer various cases relating to PSTD which affected both the combat veterans and the survivors of the armed conflict which have been seen to have increased in the recent years. It explains that the exposure to such traumatic events indubitably causes PSTD which are linked to serious impacts as it can lead to impulsive as well as destructive behaviors on the individuals. These destructive behaviors include drug abuse together with the uncontrollable anger for these individuals affected. It is worth noting that the combat related to the PTSD is also a strong contributor of the factors which lead to high risks of suicide especially to the returning troops. In essence, this book provides a collection of information which helps in managing the PSTD disorders.
A meta-analysis was conducted and found on average that PTSD patients had a 6.9 percent smaller left hippocampal volume and a 6.6 percent smaller right hippocampal volume compared with control subjects. It was founded that individuals with a smaller hippocampal were exposed to higher levels of trauma. The study used MRIs and other brain scans.
5. Iribarren, J., Prolo, P., Neagos, N., & Chiappelli, F. (2005). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder:
Evidence-Based Research for the Third Millennium. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(4), 503–512. http://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh127
This source provides insights into the healthcare provisions pertaining to PSTD. It truly delivers and authoritatively comprehensive and specialized information which can be used in managing the PSTD. The authors have to build succinct information which explained extensively on the PSTD and provides new insights pertaining to the healthcare information which can be used to treat individuals suffering from PSTDs. One can find various helpful information, which they can easily access to understand more on the PSTDs.
Across all psychological therapies, improvement was significantly better (three studies, n = 80, OR 4.21, 95% CI 1.12 to 15.85) and symptoms of PTSD (seven studies, n = 271, SMD -0.90, 95% CI -1.24 to -0.42), anxiety (three studies, n = 91, SMD -0.57, 95% CI -1.00 to -0.13) and depression (five studies, n = 156, SMD -0.74, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.36) were significantly lower within a month of completing psychological therapy compared to a control group. The psychological therapy for which there was the best evidence of effectiveness was CBT. Improvement was significantly better for up to a year following treatment (up to one month: two studies, n = 49, OR 8.64, 95% CI 2.01 to 37.14; up to one year: one study, n = 25, OR 8.00, 95% CI 1.21 to 52.69). PTSD symptom scores were also significantly lower for up to one year (up to one month: three studies, n = 98, SMD -1.34, 95% CI -1.79 to -0.89; up to one year: one study, n = 36, SMD -0.73, 95% CI -1.44 to -0.01), and depression scores were lower for up to a month (three studies, n = 98, SMD -0.80, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.13) in the CBT group compared to a control.