composition
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C. E.
Maurice Irvin
CO150-038
31 March 2017
Annotated Bibliography
Bailey, Conner. “Local Solutions to Inequality: Steps Toward Fostering a Progressive Social
Movement.” Rural Sociology, vol. 78, no. 4, December 2013, pp. 411-428. Business
Source Complete, doi: 10.1111/ruso.12032. Conner Bailey’s article “Local Solutions to
Inequality: Steps Toward Fostering a Progressive Social Movement” published in Rural
Sociology focuses on the role of researchers and community activists in eradicating
poverty in rural/more suburban communities. Bailey’s solution to intergenerational
poverty gives power back to local businesses and uses local communities’ resources to
sustain the economy and individual needs. By “reorient[ing] our economy to a more
human scale,” (412) Bailey argues that communities will be better equipped to
adequately sustain all of their citizens’ needs consequently eliminating persisting poverty.
The source can be deemed credible because it was published less than five years ago in a
reliable academic journal. Furthermore, Conner Bailey is a Rural Sociologist teaching at
Auburn University which provides immense ethos for an article focused on solutions to
persistent, rural poverty. Overall, the article offers a perspective on rural poverty, which
all of my other sources lack. Bailey’s article provides a necessary perspective that will
further develop my assignment.
Darity, William and Darrick Hamilton. “Bold Policies for Economic Justice.” The Review of
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Black Political Economy, vol. 39, no. 1, 7 January 2012, pp. 79-85. Google Scholar, doi:
10. 1007/s12114-011-9129-8. The article “Bold Policies for Economic Justice” by
William Darity and Darrick Hamilton published in the Review of Black Political
Economy offers the two solutions of a federal job guarantee and a substantial child
development account to address the problem of intergenerational poverty. The authors
argue that it is the government’s duty to, “ensure that the opportunity to work for decent
pay is a citizenship right for all Americans” (81). They also argue the “baby bonds”
program would offer “asset-building opportunities for all Americans” (83) which would
provide the children born into disadvantaged households the opportunity to climb up the
economic ladder and deter their poverty from persisting into proceeding generations. The
source can be confidently identified as credible because it is up to date, uses factual
evidence to back up its solutions, and the authors are both economists so they are
qualified to speak on ways to alter the economy. The source is beneficial to my
assignment because it explores the racial aspect of poverty which will be pertinent to talk
about.
Ramey, Craig and Sharon Ramey. “Head Start: Strategies to Improve Outcomes for Children
Living in Poverty.” Investing in Young Children: New Directions in Federal Preschool
and Early Childhood Policy, ch. 5, 2010. Google Scholar. Craig and Sharon Ramey’s
article “Head Start: Strategies to Improve Outcomes for Children Living in Poverty”
published in Investing in Young Children: New Directions in Federal Preschool and
Early Childhood Policy focuses on reforming Head Start programs through improving
staff knowledge and performance, collecting and analyzing data on its effectiveness, and
identifying instructional strategies which fail and enforcing successful strategies. Head
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Start has been a federal program utilized for young children living in poverty to be able to
receive an early education and proper care. Ramey and Ramey understand that “when
children do not receive essential early learning experiences they are harmed in permanent
ways” (61). So they advocate for immense changes in Head Start in order to assure that
children living in poverty have minimal disadvantages and receive necessary learning
experiences to develop. This article demonstrates credibility through the credentials of
both authors who are world-renowned child development researchers. It is slightly old,
but it still has relevant information. The fact that the article is centered around reforming
an organization to reduce poverty offers a unique perspective for my research.
Schorr, Lisbeth. Common Purpose: Strengthening Families and Neighborhoods to Rebuild
America. Doubleday, 1997. Lisbeth Schorr’s novel Common Purpose explores how
small-scale programs can be adapted to fit a larger mass and transform disadvantaged
communities consequently reducing persistent poverty and reshaping America. A
common theme throughout Schorr’s book is to provide lists of different attributes she
discovered in her research. For example, Schorr states that the seven attributes of highly
effective programs are: being comprehensive, flexible, responsive, and preserving, see
children in the context of their families, deal with families as parts of communities,
having a long-term, flexible, and clear mission, are well managed, trained and supportive
staff, and encourage the building of strong relationships. Although Schorr’s book is quite
outdated I find her to still be a credible source because of the plethora of information she
gathered and the foundation she laid for other ways of dealing with poverty. Common
Purpose will be beneficial in providing a stable foundation for me to build my research
off of and will help me filter acceptable solutions.
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Shobe, Marcia. “The Future in Anti-Poverty Strategies.” Journal of Children and Poverty, vol. 8,
no. 1, 2 August 2010, pp. 35-49. Business Source Complete, doi:
10.1080/10796120220120377. The article “The Future in Anti-Poverty Strategies” in the
Journal of Children and Poverty by Marcia Shobe suggests the solution of Individual
Development Accounts for children and parents as a way to prevent intergenerational
poverty. Shobe states that “vulnerable families are unable to get ahead financially and, as
a result, experience increasing rates of intergenerational poverty” (36). A method of
assistance for those vulnerable families is giving them IDAs so they can build their assets
and accumulate wealth. Shobe testifies that IDAs and asset accumulation will be able to
“provide a foundation for a solid future for the entire family” (48). If a family can acquire
assets and develop their wealth, they will be able to give proceeding generations more
opportunities and impede the poverty persisting in their family. Shobe’s credentials are
what mainly help her assert her credibility as she is an Associate Director and Professor
in the school of social work at the University of Arkansas. Although one of my articles
already discusses a similar solution, Shobe’s includes children which makes hers distinct
and offers different information.
Tierney, William. “Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Role of the Intellectual in Eliminating
Poverty.” Educational Researcher, vol. 42, no. 6, 1 August 2013, pp. 295-303. Google
Scholar, doi: 10.3102/0013189X13502772. William Tierney’s article “Beyond the Ivory
Tower: The Role of the Intellectual in Eliminating Poverty” published in Educational
Researcher argues that researchers must shift their focus beyond the ivory tower to
reduce to poverty. The ivory tower refers to a state of privilege and dissociation from the
practicalities of real life. Tierney offers five recommendations for assisting
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underprivileged kids receive an effective higher education: making sure students
understand what constitutes a college-ready curriculum by ninth grade, utilizing
assessment measurements throughout high school, surrounding the students with a
supportive network, engaging and assisting students in completing steps for college entry,
and helping students apply for financial aid. Tierney relies on the assumption that “a way
out of poverty and into the middle class [is] education” (297) and that through his
recommendations more children will be able to escape their cycle of poverty. I find
Tierney’s article to be reliable because he even went back and corrected and clarified
certain parts which is admirable. This article will be particularly useful for my paper
because it focuses on the role of the intellectual which none of my other sources really
do.