Anatomy

Cellular Level of Organization Cell Theory

Cell Theory

The Plasma Membrane

Ribosomes Responsible for Protein Synthesis

Associated with Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Lacks ribosomes and are tubular

Golgi Apparatus The Packaging Center

Mitochondria The Powerhouses of the Cell

The Nucleus Contains Nucleic Acids

• Transcription – mRNA production

• Translation – tRNA reads mRNA at

ribosome – Strand of amino acids

is formed

Protein Synthesis DNA, Enzymes, and RNA

Transcription

Translation

Transcription Transcription

Translation

G C C U U A A G CA G C A U G A G C G C C

T C G T A C T C G C G G T A A T C G G A A T T C G

A G C A U G A G C G C C A U U A G C C U U A A G C Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Transcription

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Exon Intron Exon

A G C A T G A G C G C C A T T A G C C T T A A G C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Code

Template DNA

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Processed mRNA

Translation-- -- -- -- -- ---- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

(amino acids)

_______--_______--_______--_______--_______--_______ Finished Protein

(anti-codon)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

(codons)

1)

2)

3)

4)

The Great DNA to Protein Trek

AAU UCGUAC

MET

MET

CGG

ALA

ALA

CGG

ALA

ALA

UCG

SER

SER

SER

SER

LEU

LEU

Cell Life Cycle

Abnormal Cell Growth Abnormal Cell Growth Abnormal Cell Growth

New Direction in Cancer Treatment