36402 - 1 page within 4 hrs

36402 Topic: HA19 W7R2 Number of Pages: 1 (Double Spaced) Number of sources: 2 Writing Style: APA Type of document: Essay Academic Level:Master Category: Nursing Language Style: English (U.S.) Order Instructions: ATTACHED Manage Discussion Entry The first question I would ask this patient would be if she performs regular breast exams and how often, this can provide a reference point as to how long the lump has been present. Second I would ask for a detailed history of any family breast cancer along with more personal information such as her onset of menarche, is she on any hormone replacement therapy or has she even been, also has she breast fed or is she currently breastfeeding. Lastly is there any type of nipple discharge and if so what color, this can provide a good indication as to whether the lump may be benign or not. A palpable breast mass is a potentially frightening finding for a woman. The media has widely disseminated the statistic that 1 in 8 women will have breast cancer in their lifetime (Sabel,2015) . Fortunately, most palpable breast masses are not cancerous. Unfortunately, a definitive determination of whether a lesion is benign or malignant cannot be made by history and physical examination findings only. Certain factors have been identified as increasing a woman's risk of breast cancer. A family history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative (parent, sibling), especially if the cancer occurred in a premenopausal woman and was bilateral. is associated with an increased risk. Early age at menarche (<12 years), late age of menopause (>55 years), and nulliparity or first live birth after the age of 30 years are also associated with higher risks. The use of hormones, either estrogen alone or combined with progesterone, are considered to confer higher risks, although recent studies raise some questions and further information is needed. Lifestyle considerations, including obesity, physical inactivity, and alcohol use (>3 drinks per day), also are identified risk factors. Finally, a history of previous breast disease, especially biopsies showing atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ, or prior breast cancer, are associated with increased risks (ICSI,2016). In this case, there are several pieces of information presented that lead toward a likelihood of a benign process. Breast cancer can occur at any age. but approximately 70% of breast cancers occur in women older than age 50 years. You can never overlook the possibility of malignancy in a woman who is in her 30s, but the possibility of cancer is lower in her than in an older woman. The characteristics of the lesion are also more consistent with a benign, probably cystic, process. It is described as well-circumscribed, firm, mobile, tender, and with no overlying skin changes( Sabel, 2015). Lesions that are hard, fixed in place, non tender. have indistinct borders, or have overlying skin dimpling/retraction arc more suggestive of cancer. Nevertheless, no individual characteristic on examination is diagnostic and an appropriate evaluation is necessary. Sabel M. Advances in breast cancer detection and management. Med Clin North Am 2015:87:997-1028. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Diagnosis of breast disease. Bloomington,MN: Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. 2016:1-51. ** Provide response writing with references. All references must be in APA format and published within the last 5 years.