history
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American Portraits: Estevanico
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HIST 180 Survey of American History
Benjamin Cawthra, Ph.D.
Professor of History
California State University, Fullerton
Antonio Garcia Cubas, Map of New Spain circa 1800, 1885.
Newberry Library, Chicago.
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The Spanish in North America
Timeline: New Spain
The Conquest of Mexico
3. The Search for Other Mexicos
4. New Spain in the Sixteenth Century
5. The Spanish-American Population
6. Encounters in New Mexico: The Seventeenth Century
7. The California Missions: The Eighteenth Century
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1. Timeline: New Spain
1492 First of Columbus’s four voyages
1519-21 Hernan Cortés begins conquest of Aztec Empire; completed 1521
1535 First Spanish viceroy arrives in Mexico City.
1539 Hernan De Soto explores Florida, South Carolina, Tennessee, Oklahoma
1540 Coronado explores the Rio Grande region
1565 Spanish drive out French Protestants and found St. Augustine, Florida
1598 San Juan Pueblo Spanish settlement established in present New Mexico
1680 Pueblo Revolt; Spanish driven from northern New Mexico
1690s Spanish reconquest of New Mexico
1769-1823 21 missions founded along coastal California
1821 Mexico wins independence from Spain
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2. The Conquest of Mexico
Hernando Cortés in a contemporary portrait. Anonymous banner of Cortés, 16th century.
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Reconstruction of the main plaza, Tenochtitlan, seat of the Aztec Empire, c. 1500.
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Syncretism
Anonymous: a leaf from the Codex Borgia, pre-16th century.
Anonymous: the art of featherworking, illustrated in the Florentine Codex, 1570.
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3. The Search for Other Mexicos
- Cabeza de Vaca, 1528-36; Gulf of Mexico to Gulf of California
- Hernando de Soto, 1539-41; Southeastern US to Mississippi River.
- Francisco Coronado, 1542; desert southwest to Kansas plains
Hernando De Soto, after 1542.
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- Francisco Pizarro, 1524, 1526. 1535; Panama, Ecuador, Peru, conquers Incas.
Pedro de Valdivia, 1535; Chile.
Pizarro, c. 1540
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4. New Spain in the Sixteenth Century
Antonio de Mendoza, first Viceroy of New Spain
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- Council of the Indies
- Viceroyalty of New Spain
- Audiencias; Presidencias; Captaincies-General
- Encomienda
“I obey but I do not execute.”
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5. The Spanish-American Population
Native Americans
Imperial Spanish
Creoles
Africans
Mestizos
Casta painting
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6. Encounters in New Mexico
Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico.
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San Estevan, Acoma
Pueblo, New Mexico,1629-42.
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Anonymous, known as the Laguna santero: retablo, San José, Old Laguna Pueblo, New Mexico, c. 1760-1846.
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Nave, San José, Old Laguna Pueblo, New Mexico, c. 1760-1846.
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Church of the Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción Mission, San Antonio, Texas, 1740-55.
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7. The California Missions
Ferdinande Deppe, San Gabriel Mission, ca. 1832 Oil on canvas.
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Anonymous, Chumash, coiled hat, presented to George Vancouver at Santa Barbara, 1793.
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