political timed test

11-LibIdeologies.pdf

Home >Political Science homework help >political timed test

POLI -103 Contemporary political ideologies

Maryanne Cliche

MCliche@coquitlamcollege.com

• 1. INTRODUCTION • 2.FOLLOW UP ON PROJECTS • 3.LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES • 3a) Definition • 3b) Conception of Human Nature and Freedom • 3c) Origins, evolution and key features • 3d) Challenges

• 4. HOMEWORK

PLAN FOR TODAY

RECAP

DEFINITION – FASCISM

• FASCISM • FASCIARE = To fasten or bind

• Human beings;

1. Belong to different races ( that are unequal)

2. Need a leader to guide them in discovering the truth about their interests

INDIVIDUALISM, INDEPENDENT GROUPS

AGENT OBSTACLE

FASCISM ON FREEDOM

THE NATION-STATE

GOAL

THE POWER & GLORY OF THE STATE

ORIGINS

The Enlightenment or the Age of Reason

= The application of reason could remove all the social and political evils that stood in the way of humanity happiness and progress.

1. Humanism 2. Rationalism 3. Secularism 4. Progressivism 5. Universalism

The Enlightenment’s 5 premises

ORIGINS

• The Counter-Enlightenment 14th - 17th century

The rejection of these premises and particularly of the idea of universalism and the concept of human equality helped fueled the political philosophy known as nationalism which led to Fascism

ORIGINS

• Nationalism

= The belief that the people of the world fall into distinct groups, or nations, with each nation forming the natural basis for a separate political unit, known as the nation-state.

• In support of Nationalism

• In reaction to Liberalism and Socialism and the Enlightenment

Modern thinkers or contributors

Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) Adolf Hitler ( 1889-1945)

KEY FEATURES OF FASCISM

1. Distinction between Nazism and

Fascism (Nazism = Fascism + Racism)

2. Hatred for Liberalism and Communism

3. Fascism and the Masses

4. The appeal for military might, discipline and

sacrifice

5. The stress on manliness and

masculinity

6. The emphasis on Nationalism

7. The Totalitarian ethos (Fascism=

Nationalism + Totalitarianism )

KEY FEATURES – FASCISM AND THE 4 FUNCTIONS

4 Functions & Fascism

1 Explanation

= The actions of some heroes or some villains engaged in some conspiracy to undermine or even destroy the nation- sate always explain why things are the way they are.

2 Evaluation

= Conditions are good if people are united behind their party and their leader.

3 Orientation = The sense of identity is based on the organic society – the nation-state or the « race », that gives meaning to the life of the individual.

4 Functions & Fascism

4 Political Program

= Follow the leader and combat the enemies of the nation and do whatever is necessary to bring glory to the nation and help establish the nation as a leading power in the world.

FASCISM ON DEMOCRACY

By embracing totalitarianism, Fascism

rejected democracy altogether

CHALLENGES OR CRITICS

1- Whether Fascism is an ongoing possibility or the product of a particular epoch that has passed remains disputed

2- Fascists parties have been outlawed in Italy and Germany and Fascist movements and propaganda are closely watched.

3- Fascism today is hard to measure, but Nationalism is on the rise in many places.

DEFINITION – LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES

« Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains…The one who thinks himself the master of others is as much a slave as they. »

Jean-Jacque Rousseau

DEFINITION – LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES

LIBERATION

• TO LIBERATE:

« The process of being set free from an oppressive regime. »

Collins dictionary

LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES ON HUMAN NATURE &

FREEDOM

• Human beings;

• Are born with a sense of dignity, self-worth and self-respect.

Ideologies & Freedom

VAGENT GOAL OBSTACLE

VAGENT

LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES ON FREEDOM

A PARTICULAR GROUP i.e. BLACK, WOMEN, GAYS, NATIVE PEOPLE, ETC.

A DOMINANT GROUP i.e WHITE PEOPLE, MEN, EUROPEAN SETTLERS, HUMANS,ETC.

AGENT OBSTACLE

LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES ON FREEDOM

A PARTICULAR GROUP; i.e. BLACK, WOMENS, GAYS, NATIVE PEOPLE, ETC.

VAGENT OBSTACLE

LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES ON FREEDOM

GOAL

TO LIBERATE, FREE THE OPPRESSED GROUP FROM EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL RESTRICTIONS

A PARTICULAR GROUP i.e. BLACK, WOMENS, GAYS, NATIVE PEOPLE, ETC.

A DOMINANT GROUP i.e. WHITE PEOPLE, MEN, EUROPEAN SETTLERS, HUMANS,ETC.

Where do the liberation ideologies come from?

ORIGINS - FEMINISM

1st wave of Feminism (19th- early 20th century) • Eliminating legal inequalities

2nd wave of Feminism (late 1960’s) • Overcoming issues related to sexuality and reproductive rights

Modern thinkers or contributors

Simone de Beauvoir ( 1908-1986) Betty Friedan ( 1921-2006)

ORIGINS - BLACK MOVEMENT

The civil rights movement (1954-1968)

• Through nonviolent protest, the civil rights movement promoted equal rights legislation for African Americans.

Modern thinkers or contributors

Martin Luther King Jr ( 1929-1968) Malcom X ( 1925- 1965)

ORIGINS – GAY (LGBTQ2+) MOVEMENT

The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender movement (late 20th - 21st century)

=Repealing discriminatory laws and overcoming mistaken beliefs and attitudes toward gay people.

Modern thinkers or contributors

Harvey Milk (1930-1978) Dan Savage ( 1972-) Laverne Cox ( 1972-)

ORIGINS – 1ST NATIONS MOVEMENT

Appropriation of First Nations territories (19th- early 20th century)

= Repealing discriminatory laws and overcoming mistaken beliefs and attitudes toward native people.

Modern thinkers or contributors

Louis Riel (1844-1885) Cindy Blackstock (1964-)

ORIGINS – ANIMAL MOVEMENT

Appropriation of animals by humans (19th century)

= Raising awareness on animal abuse and establishing a moral etiquette to define relationships between animals and humans.

Modern thinkers or contributors

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) Peter Singer ( 1946-)Brigitte Bardot (1934-)

KEY FEATURES OF LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES

1. Each ideology address a particular audience ( women, black people, gays and lesbians, native people, etc.)

2. The audience has been oppressed by some dominant group

( men, white people, humans, etc.)

3. The goal is to liberate these groups from internal ( personal beliefs and attitudes) and external barriers and inhibitions (laws, cultural discrimination).

KEY FEATURES OF LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES

4. All ideologies aim to raise consciousness and change the outlooks of people that are oppressive or being oppressed. 4. All ideologies aim to raise consciousness and change the outlooks of people that are oppressive or being oppressed.

5. Liberation ideologies also aim to free the oppressors of its illusion of superiority and help them recognize their victims as fellow human beings.

THE 4 FUNCTIONS

1 Explanation

= The beliefs and actions (racism, sexism, homophobia, imperialism, animal abuse etc.) of the oppressive group engaged in dominating the oppressed group explain why things are the way they are.

2 Evaluation

= Conditions are good if every members of the society is treated equally and enjoy the same rights, liberties and senses of dignity and self-respect.

3 Orientation

= The sense of identity is based on the self- identity of the individual and its affiliation with other individuals sharing similar social conditions ( gender, sexual orientation, etc.) causing an individual or a group to be either oppressed or oppressive.

4 Political Program

=To bring an end to the oppression of a group of people ( or animals)

4 Political Program

CHALLENGES/CRITICS

1. Some misunderstanding and complexities remains when it comes to the liberation ideologies

• e.g. Feminism is often referred to “anti-men” • e.g. Liberation ideologies are often referred to as the politics of identity and some critics argued that such thinking can lead to social and cultural divisions

2. Affirmative actions and special efforts can be complex and delicate to achieve

“An active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women.” Merriam Webster dictionary

They usually focus on employment and education to repair or overcome the consequences of historical discrimination.

Affirmative actions - EXPLAINED

3. Progress is slow and uneven worldwide

Decades of “scientific” facts, cultural and social beliefs are firmly engrained into individuals habits, beliefs and attitudes.

• Today in Saudi Arabia, every woman must have a male guardian – a father, brother, husband, or even a son – who has the authority to make a range of critical decisions on her behalf. Women are required to receive guardian approval to apply for a passport, travel outside the country, study abroad on a government scholarship, get married, or even exit prison.

• The legalization of same-sex marriage happened 12 years ago in Canada and only 2 years ago in the USA and in Russia it is still considered a crime to be openly gay.

HOMEWORK

1- Read Chapter 8 of your textbook 2- Review all the additional resources on C4

3- Answer the following questions:

A-What is the difference between internal and external restrictions? Give an example for each. B) How do the liberation ideologies perceive Freedom? How do they perceive human nature? C) What is one of the main challenge that the liberation ideologies face in their application? D) What is an affirmative action?

Follow-up on MT EXAMS