KNOWLEDGE MODELING AND REPRESENTATION

TITLE : KNOWLEDGE MODELING AND REPRESENTATION

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1. Assignment should be between 2500 to 3000 words excluding references. The number of words should be shown at the end of your assignment.

QUESTION

1)    Prolog offers the capabilities of encoding facts about the world and deducing the consequences of these facts through an automated inference engine.  In this assignment, we will take advantage of these capabilities to build a simple system that will consider a database of “House Of Cupcakes” that sell varieties of cupcakes in different outlets.  The database consists of facts as below.

·         Facts that encode the price of different ingredients.

o   cost(flour, 2.00) .

o   cost(sugar, 2.50) .

o   cost(baking_powder,1.20) .

o   cost(butter,4.40) .

o   cost(almond_whole, 7.50) .

o   cost(vanilla_extract, 1.90) .

o   cost(blueberry_emulco, 2.00) .

o   cost(cocoa_powder, 6.10) .

o   cost(peanut_butter, 7.00) .

o   cost(cream_cheese, 39.00) .

o   cost(orea_cookie,10.90) .

·         Facts that list type of cupcakes and for each cupcake, a list of main ingredients will be encoded.

o   ingredients(blueberry_cupcake[flour, sugar, baking_powder, butter, blueberry_emulco]) .

o   ingredients(vanilla_cupcake[flour, sugar, baking_powder, vanilla_extract]) .

o   ingredients(oreochocolate_cupcake[flour, sugar, baking_powder, vanilla_extract, orea_cookie, cocoa_powder]) .

o   ingredients(yummy_cupcake[flour, sugar, baking_powder, butter, almond_whole, coca_powder, oreo_cookie]) .

o   ingredients(cheese_cupcake[cream_cheese, sugar, vanilla]) .

o   ingredients(peanutbutter_cupcake[flour, sugar, baking_powder, butter, almond_whole, peanut_butter]) .

·         Facts that specify the different outlets of House Of Cupcakes, and for each outlet, the list of employees and cupcakes available for purchase at the outlet.

o   outlet(ampang, [aisya, ben, daniel, hanna], [blueberry_cupcake, vanilla_cupcake, oreochcolate_cupcake]) .

o   outlet(balakong, [irfan, jack, kamilia, liza], [yummy_cupcake, cheese_cupcake, peanutbutter_cupcake]) .

o   outlet(cheras, [mala, nurin, ong, rose, sam, tania], [blueberry_cupcake, oreochocolate_cupcake, yummy_cupcake]) .

o   outlet(puchong, [umar, wan, yunus, zarina, arissa, chris], [cheese_cupcake, peanutbutter_cupcake, blueberry_cupcake]) .

o   outlet(klang, [daud, esma, farah, hanis, erra, john], [vanilla_cupcake, yummy_cupcake, peanutbutter_cupcake]) .

o   outlet(shah_alam, [kamarul, linda, mamat, nadim, ryan, shen], [ore0chocolate_cupcake, cheese_cupcake, peanutbutter_cupcake]) .

a)    Write a Prolog predicate available_at(X,Y) that is true if the cupcake X is available at the outlet Y.

b)    Write a Prolog predicate multi_available(X) that is true if the cupcake X is available in more than one place.

c)    Write a Prolog predicate multiple_ingredients(X) that is true if the ingredient X is used in different type of cupcakes.

d)    Write a Prolog predicate total_cost(X,K) that display the costs of the ingredients K to prepare cupcake X.

e)    Write a Prolog predicate cost_higher(X) that is true if the sum of the cost of the ingredients of cupcake X is greater than RM20.00.

f)     Write a Prolog predicate cost_equal(X, K) that is true if the sum of the costs of the ingredients of cupcake X is equal to K.

g)    Write a Prolog predicate find_items(L, X, Y) that is true if L is the list cupcakes that contain all the ingredients in X but do not contain any of the ingredients in Y.  

2)    In artificial Intelligence, there are FOUR major methods for representing knowledge; which are Trees, Semantic Networks, Frames and Production rules.  Choose THREE methods, compare these methods and provide relevant examples.

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