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The Effect of Leverage on Firm Earnings                 
                    
A firm needs $100 to start and has the following expectations:                
                    
                    
Sales$200                  
Expenses$185                  
Tax rate 33% of earnings                  
                    
                    
a. What are earnings if the firm owners invest the $100 thus utilizing no financial leverage? Tax and net earnings values should be rounded to 2 decimal places.     
                    
b. If the firm borrows (utilizes financial leverage) $40 of the $100 at an interest rate of 10%, what are the firm's net earnings? Tax and net earnings values should be rounded to 2 decimal places.  
                    
c. What is the return on equity when financial leverage is and is not utilized? Why do the returns differ? ROE results should be shown with 2 decimal places.      
                    
d. If expenses increase to $194, what will be the new return on equity values for each scenario? ROE results should be shown with 2 decimal places.      
                    
e. Did the returns decline more when financial leverage was or was not utilized?              
                    
f. How does the use of financial leverage effect a firm's earnings?  When is using financial leverage beneficial?  When is it disadvantageous?       
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